扩行减株对旱作春玉米冠层结构及产量的影响

Effects of Row Expansion and Plant Reduction on Canopy Structure and Yield of Dryland Spring Maize

优化玉米株行距配置被认为是协调玉米群体冠层结构、调控光分布和提高产量的重要技术措施。通过扩行减株对会宁地区旱作春玉米群体冠层结构和产量的影响研究,为春玉米株距的合理配置和高效栽培提供参考。以紧凑型玉米品种先玉335和平展型玉米品种豫玉22号为试验材料,分别设55、75、95 cm 3个行距处理,统一种植密度为67500株/hm^(2),研究了玉米冠层结构、干物质积累量和产量变化特征。结果表明,先玉335在行距75 cm时玉米叶面积指数、干物质积累量显著提高,群体透光率得到改善,群体干物质积累量和花后干物质转运量明显增加,产量最高,为12593.26 kg/hm^(2),较行距55、95 cm的处理分别增产2.76%、6.82%。豫玉22号冠层参数和产量随着行距的扩大呈逐渐降低的趋势,产量以行距为55 cm的处理最高,为13884.34 kg/hm^(2),较行距75、95 cm的处理分别增产3.01%、6.75%。因此,会宁地区紧凑型玉米品种可适当扩大行距,平展型行距不宜过大,适宜行距可改善田间光照分布,提高干物质积累量和籽粒产量。

Optimizing maize row spacing is considered to be an important technical measure to coordinate the canopy structure of maize population,regulate light distribution and increase yield.In order to study the regulation effects of row expansion and plant reduction on the canopy structure and yield of dryland spring maize in Huining area so as to provide a reference for the rational row spacing allocation of the efficient cultivation of spring maize,the compact variety Xianyu 335 and the flat variety Yuyu 22 were used as materials,and 3 row spacing treatments,i.e.,55,75 and 95 cm,were set up under the uniform planting density of 67500 plants/ha to study the changes of canopy structure,dry matter accumulation and yield of maize.The results showed that Xianyu 335 at the row spacing of 75 cm could significantly increase leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,population transmittance,population dry matter accumulation and dry matter translocation after flowering,therefore obtained the highest yield of 12593.26 kg/ha,which was 2.76% and 6.82% higher compared with the yields of 55 cm row spacing and 95 cm row spacing,respectively.The canopy parameters and yield of Yuyu 22 decreased gradually with the increase of row spacing and the yield peaked at the row spacing of 55 cm,i.e.,13884.34 kg/ha,which was 3.01% and 6.75% higher compared with the yields of 75 cm row spacing and 95 cm row spacing,respectively.Therefore,row spacing of compact varieties could be appropriately expanded but the same would not be working for flat varieties,ideal spacing could be used to improve the field light distribution,increase dry matter accumulation and seed yield in the maize production in Huining area.