《浅谈<格萨尔传>独家说唱本<平定四元>》

Primary Note on the Harmonization of the Four Elements--an Episode in Gesar Epic

《平定四元》又名《创世篇》是青年艺人斯塔多吉说唱的一部《格萨尔传》,是一部独家说唱本。如果《平定三界》作为《格萨尔传》说唱本结尾,那么《平定四元》是《格萨尔传》的开篇。虽然《格萨尔传》中无法避开佛教内容,但《平定四元》整部书主要叙述了地神、火神、风神、水神和琼卵创造宇宙的故事,并且《格萨尔传》分部本中,有《创世篇》等说唱本,这些叙述只是“岭”地与“岭”部落的起源,而至今任何艺人未说唱过器世间的起源。笔者认为斯塔多吉说唱的《平定四元》中叙述的内容来看,不仅涉及到原始宗教、苯教、波斯教等宗教思想成分,具有原始性、神话性、多元性文化特点,而且整部说唱本中巧妙利用西藏古老神话精髓,不仅填补了一部新的《格萨尔》说唱本,而且完善和丰富了《格萨尔史诗》内容,它对研究西藏原始神话与宇宙起源说,以及《格萨尔史诗》母体研究具有很高的参考价值。

Vbyung Bzhi Bde Bkod is the opening episode of Gesar Epic exclusively sung by the young bard Sithar Dorje as it has never been sung by other bards of Gesar Epic.If one says that Vbyung Bzhi Bde Bkod is the ending episode of Gesar epic,the Srid Pa Chags Lugs is the opening episode of it.Although Buddhist content cannot be avoided in the Gesar Epic,the entire book Vbyung Bzhi Bde Bkod mainly tells the stories of how the earth-lords,fire-lords,wind-lords,water-lords and the Garuda created the universe.In the sub volumes of the Gesar Epic,there are stories about the creation of the universe,which only narrate the origins of the land and tribes of King Gesar,and to this day,no any artist has spoken and sung about the origin of the artifact world.The author believes that the content described in Sithar Dorje's song Vbyung Bzhi Bde Bkod not only involves religious ideological elements such as primitive religion,Bon,and religions in Persia,but also has cultural characteristics of originality,mythology,and diversity.Moreover,the entire episode book cleverly utilizes the essence of ancient Tibetan mythology,not only adding a new episode,but also improving and enriching the content of Gesar Epic.Sithar Dorje's version does not only add one of the rare episodes of Gesar Epic,but also bears important value of researching the Tibetan antient myths,origin of the universe,academic research on the Gesar Epic.It has high reference value for the study of Tibetan primitive mythology and the concept of the origin of the universe,as well as the study of the matrix of the Gesar Epic.