足球运动脚踝内、外侧触球方式力学特性

Foot mechanics characteristics of ankles inside and outside contact in football game

[目的]研究足球脚踝内、外侧触球生物力学特性并降低相关伤病发生率.[方法]采用有限元法建立足部生物力学模型,模拟不同方式触球.[结果]在外部冲击力大小一致情况下,脚踝内侧和外侧触球的受力趋势类似,最大受力部位处于跟骨、骰骨和距骨连接处的下侧,较大受力部位处于内侧楔骨、中间楔骨和外侧楔骨下侧;不同受力情况下足部骨骼的位移也相差较大,其中两种触球方式在500 N外力下足部最大应力分别为34.45 MPa和34.85 MPa.最大位移发生在脚趾部位,分别为1.74 mm和1.36 mm.[结论]足球运动者要注意触球位置,并预估外力大小,以避免危险动作对身体带来伤害.

[Objective]In order to study the biomechanical characteristics of football ankle and reduce the incidence of related injuries.[Methods]The finite element analysis method had been used to simulate different ways of kicking with a biomechanical foot model.[Results]Under the condition of the same external impact force,the force trend of the medial and lateral impact of the ankle is similar.The maximum force is located on the lower side of the calcaneus,cuboid and talus while the other parts with greater force are mainly located in the medial cuneiform,cuneiform and talus.Secondly,under different stress conditions the displacement of the foot bones is also quite different.The maximum stress of the foot is 34.45 MPa and 34.85 MPa respectively under the external force of 500 N,and the maximum displacement,which are 1.74 mm and 1.36 mm,occurs in the toes.[Conclusion]Football players should pay attention to the position of touching the ball and estimate the size of the external force,so as to avoid the harm of dangerous actions to the body.