行政证明:作为一种行政行为的考察

Administrative Proof:an Investigation as an Administrative Act

行政证明在我国行政管理实践中广泛存在,但长期被视为,甚至仅仅被视为一种“行政证据”,把它作为一种“行政行为”研究尚付阙如。行政证明作为一种证明材料固然属于“行政证据”范畴,但当这种材料由行政机关提供并予证明相对人某种法律事实和法律关系时,它又成为了一种由行政机关作出的“行政行为”。本文将“行政证明”作为一种“特殊行政行为”,研讨了它的行为性质、可诉性及其诉讼特点。这一努力有助于保障公民、法人或者其他组织合法权益的落实,明确行政证明行为在行政诉讼中的可诉性,改变人民法院对行政证明行为“半推半就”的受理态度,以及促进行政法理论,特别是行政行为理论的完善和成熟。

Administrative proof widely exists in China's administrative practice,but it has been regarded as a kind of“administrative evidence”for a long time,and it is not yet studied as an“administrative act”.Administrative proof as a kind of proof material certainly belongs to the category of“administrative evidence”,but when this material is provided by the administrative organs to prove the relative a certain legal facts and legal relations,it becomes a kind of“administrative act”made by the administrative organs.In this paper,the“administrative proof”is regarded as a“special administrative act”,and its nature of behavior,justiciability and litigation characteristics are examined.This effort helps to protect the implementation of the legitimate rights and interests of citizens,legal persons or other organizations,to clarify the justiciability of administrative acts in administrative litigation,to change the attitude of the people's courts towards administrative acts of proof,and to promote the theory of political law,especially the perfection and maturity of theory of administrative acts.