道艺之间:知识史视域下晚明清初时文研究的再思考

Between Principles and Arts:Rethinking the Contemporary Prose during Ming-Qing Transition from the Perspective of the History of Knowledge

作为科举经义题的标准文体,时文兼有解经文字与文学创作的性质,代言之体使时文解经而无须泥经,为士人发挥经义、阐扬己说创造了较大余地。时文文风是朝廷功令、士林学风与士人学术背景等多重因素交互作用的结果。晚明清初时文新潮迭起,士人竞相援引新的知识资源以更新范式,原在边缘的遗文遗献由隐入显,既扩展了士人的知识世界,亦促使正统学风转移。时文不是亦步亦趋地随学风而动,而是具有一定的主体性与能动性,代表了一个与以经学、理学为主轴的精英思想若即若离的知识世界。

As a standard genre for classical essays in civil examination,the prescribed essay format(also known as eight-legged essay)combined exegesis and literature.Due to the interpretive style exam essay,literati could represent the classics without rigidly adhering to the classics,thus examinees could accommodate the classics to their own literary theory.The style of essay was determined by multiple factors,such as ideology,academic trends,and a scholar's background.During the MingQing transition,the style of the essay changed rapidly.By rediscovering ancient texts beyond NeoConfucian orthodoxy,literati competed to find intellectual sources to renew the paradigm,as a result the intellectual world of the literati expanded,and the orthodox interpretations were also counter-influenced.The style of contemporary prose was not merely changing with the academic trends,but rather had its own agenda,showing an alternative narrative to the elite intellectual world which had taken ConfucianClassic and Neo-Confucian as main line.