马戛尔尼使团礼品中的图册

Prints in the Gifts from the Macartney Embassy

英国马戛尔尼使团送给乾隆帝的礼品中包含两箱图册。关于这些图册的数量、名称和内容一直比较模糊,进入清宫之后的流转也不甚明晰。本文依据英国东印度公司礼品购买清单、乾隆六十三年清宫造办处活计档、民国二十五年清宫造办处舆图房图目等材料,揭示这些图册的具体信息,并进一步探讨其所反映的英国18世纪的社会面貌及其被选作乾隆帝生日贺礼的原因。在此基础上,反观乾隆帝回赠给英王乔治三世礼品中的图册,也应是深思熟虑的选择。

Two cases of prints were included in the gifts for Emperor Qianlong from the Macartney Embassy.However,the numbers,contents,and their circulation in the Qing Court are still unclear.This paper reveals the abovementioned information,based on the record of purchase of gifts from the British East India Company,the record of production of artifacts of the Qing Court in the 1798,and the catalogue of map department of the Qing Court created in 1936.The article also discusses the situation in eighteenth-century Great Britain as shown in the prints,and the reasons for choosing these prints as birthday gifts for Qianlong.The prints that Qianlong presented to GeorgeⅢin return were also carefully and intentionally selected.