幼儿语言发育迟缓的危险因素分析

A case-control study on children's language retardation

目的 探讨语言发育迟缓患儿发病的危险因素,为预防幼儿语言发育迟缓提供理论基础。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年3月在西北妇女儿童医院儿童保健科就诊的207例儿童的临床资料。根据早期语言发育进程量表测评结果,提示异常者为病例组(n=81),提示正常者为对照组(n=126),采用病例对照研究的方法分析引起幼儿语言发育迟缓的危险因素。结果 单因素分析显示,病例组的剖宫产率高于对照组(64.20%vs.41.27%,χ^(2)=10.368,P<0.05);Gesell发育量表的适应性、大运动、精细动作、个人-社交得分病例组均低于对照组(Z值分别为-5.852、-6.354、-3.855、-9.626,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Gesell发育量表的个人-社交与幼儿语言发育迟缓的发生明显相关(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.81~0.89,P<0.05)。结论 个人-社交分数低可能是儿童语言发育迟缓发生的危险因素。

Objective To explore the risk factors of language retardation in children,and to provide theoretical basis for preventing language retardation in children.Methods The clinical data of 207 children in the Department of Child Health of Northwest Women and Children's Hospital from January 2021 to March 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the early language development progress scale indicating abnormal was the case group(n=81),and the early language development progress scale indicating normal was the control group(n=126).Case-control study was used to analyze the risk factors of language retardation in children.Results Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in age,sex and gestational age between the two groups(P>0.05).There was a statistical difference in cesarean section rate between the case group and the case group(χ^(2)=10.368,P<0.05).There were significant differences in the adaptability score in Gesell examination between the two groups(Z=-5.852,P<0.01),the large exercise score between the two groups(Z=-6.354,P<0.01),and the fine motor score between the two groups(Z=-3.855,P<0.001).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the mode of delivery,adaptability of Gesell development scale,large exercise and fine movements had no effect on children's language retardation(P>0.05),but personal-social interaction was obviously related to the occurrence of language retardation(OR=0.85,95%CI 0.81~0.89,P<0.01).Conclusion Low personal-social score may be a risk factor for children's language retardation.