大麻二酚对免疫相关疾病的作用研究进展

Research Progress on Cannabidiol against Immune-related Diseases

大麻二酚是从桑科植物大麻中提取的一种天然成分,与致幻成瘾的毒性成分四氢大麻酚不同,大麻二酚是一种无毒且通常耐受性良好的大麻成分,具有抗痉挛、抗焦虑、抗炎、等药理活性。人的免疫系统是一张覆盖全身的防卫网络,正常情况下,人的免疫力处在一个平衡的状态,一旦失衡,就会引发各种免疫疾病,目前治疗手段有限,传统免疫抑制治疗毒副作用较多。寻找新的治疗策略,提高免疫相关疾病的治疗效率是该领域亟待解决的问题。近年来大麻二酚合法化应用于医疗的接受度不断提高,其免疫调节作用引起了广泛关注。本文主要对大麻二酚的作用机制及其在免疫相关疾病中的作用进行归纳总结,发现其治疗硬皮病、1型糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、等自身免疫性疾病效果显著,这些应用给病人带来了希望的同时也为医疗大麻的研究提供了方向。本文以大麻二酚的作用机制为切入点,从内源性大麻素系统、TRPV1受体、腺苷A_(2A)受体、PPAR-γ受体等方面进行综述并对其临床应用进行展望,为本研究领域的进一步研究提供参考。

Cannabidiol is a natural component extracted from the Moraceae plant Cannabis sativa L.Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol,a toxic component causing hallucinogenic addiction,cannabidiol is a non-toxic and well-tolerated component in C.sativa L.,with anti-convulsive,anti-anxiety,anti-inflammatory,and other pharmacological activities.The human immune system is a defense network covering the whole body.Under normal circumstances,the human immune system is in a balanced state.In the case of unbalance,it can lead to various immune diseases.At present,treatment methods are limited,and traditional immunosuppressive treatment can result in many side effects.Finding new therapeutic strategies to improve the therapeutic efficiency of immune-related diseases is an urgent problem in this field.In recent years,the acceptance of the legal application of cannabidiol in medical treatment has been increasing,and its immunomodulatory effect has attracted extensive attention.This article mainly summarized the mechanism of action of cannabidiol and its role in immune-related diseases.The results showed that it had significant effects on the treatment of scleroderma,type 1 diabetes,rheumatoid arthritis,and other autoimmune diseases.These applications bring hope to patients and guide medical research on C.sativa L.In this article,with the mechanism of cannabidiol as the breakthrough point,the endogenous cannabinoid system,TRPV1 receptor,adenosine A_(2A) receptor,PPAR-γ receptor,and other aspects were reviewed and the clinical applications were prospected to provide references for the further development of this research field.