制糖行业女职工生殖系统疾病与职业模式关系的研究

Research on the relationship between reproductive system diseases and occupational patterns of female workers in sugar industry

目的探讨广西壮族自治区制糖行业女职工生殖健康状况,分析月经的影响因素,研究月经异常及其他生殖系统疾病与职业模式的关系,为改善职业模式提供参考依据。方法于2017年采用整群抽样、现场访谈相结合的方式,对广西壮族自治区有代表性的13家制糖企业1029名女职工进行生殖健康问卷调查。分析月经异常及其他生殖系统疾病与危害因素的关系。结果对964份问卷进行统计分析,近6个月月经异常率为52.5%,其中同时存在两种及以上症状者占月经异常人数的36.2%。月经异常情况中,经量减少(24.7%)>周期紊乱(22.1%)>持续时间变化(14.4%),轮班及其他工作形式(53.7%)>白班(37.5%),自觉工作强度很大(61.6%)>较大(58.9%)>一般及较小(45.4%),接触物理因素(53.2%)>不接触物理因素(38.8%)。女职工生殖道感染与工作体位、接触粉尘、接触物理因素有关(均P<0.05)。结论制糖行业女职工生殖系统疾病患病率较高,月经异常率较高,职业模式、噪声、微生物等可影响月经及其他生殖系统疾病发生情况。应改善女职工工作模式和作业环境,减少、控制工作环境中的微生物污染,提升生殖健康检查的覆盖率,持续提高女职工整体素质和文化层次,自觉做好个人防护,保护自身健康。

Objective To explore the reproductive health status of female workers in Guangxi sugar industry,analyze menstrual influencing factors,study the relationships between menstrual abnormalities and other reproductive system diseases and occupational patterns,and explore their influencing factors,so as to provide reference basis for improving occupational patterns.Methods In 2017,reproductive health questionnaires and field interview were conducted among all the female workers in representative sugar manufacturing enterprises in Guangxi,occupational health field survey was conducted in 24 sugar manufacturing enterprises in Guangxi.Results A total of 964 questionnaires were statistically analyzed.There was a significant correlation between abnormal menstruation and working years,types of work,working hours per week,working forms,working intensity,working pressure,and exposure to physical factors.The abnormal menstruation rate in the past six months accounted for 52.5%,of which 36.2%had two or more symptoms at the same time.In abnormal menstruation,decrease of menstrual volume(24.7%)>cycle disorder(22.1%)>duration change(14.4%),shift and other work forms(53.7%)>day shift(37.5%),great self-conscious work intensity(61.6%)>large self-conscious work intensity(58.9%)>general and small self-conscious work intensity(45.4%),exposure to physical factors(53.2%)>non-exposure to physical factors(38.8%).Female workers'reproductive tract infection was related to working position,dust exposure and physical factors(P<0.05).Conclusion Female workers in sugar industry have a high prevalence of reproductive system diseases and abnormal menstruation.Occupational patterns,noise and microorganisms can affect menstruation and other reproductive diseases.The working mode and working environment should be improved,microbial pollution in the working environment should be reduced and controlled,the coverage of reproductive health examination should be improved,the overall quality and cultural level of female workers should be continuously improved,personal protection should be ensured to protect female health.