生物有机改良剂对辽河口翅碱蓬湿地滩涂土壤改良效果

Effects of biological organic amendments on soil quality in tidal flat of Suaeda heteroptera wetland in Liaohe estuarine

辽河口翅碱蓬湿地出现严重退化现象,滩涂土壤质量下降是翅碱蓬湿地退化的主要原因之一,施加土壤改良剂可以有效改善和提高土壤质量。本研究以盘锦红海滩湿地多年未生长翅碱蓬区域为对象,通过现场小区试验探究施加改良生物炭、腐殖土、有机肥、稻草秸秆和生物菌肥5种生物有机改良剂对翅碱蓬湿地土壤理化性质和翅碱蓬生长的影响。结果表明:施加5种生物有机改良剂后,土壤含盐量、容重及<0.25 mm粒级团聚体百分含量降低,其与翅碱蓬根长、株高、株密度及生物量均存在显著负相关(P<0.05);而土壤孔隙度、>0.25 mm粒级团聚体百分含量及有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量增高,除有机质外它们均与翅碱蓬根长、株高、株密度及生物量存在显著正相关(P<0.05);施加有机肥和生物菌肥对滩壤的改良效果较好,其次是施加腐殖土。本研究结果可为探寻低成本的翅碱蓬湿地土壤改良方法提供理论依据和技术支撑。

The decline of soil quality in tidal flat is one of the main reasons for the degradation of Suaeda heterop-tera wetland in Liaohe estuarine.Application of soil amendments can effectively improve soil quality.We explored the effects of improved biochar,humus soil,organic fertilizer,rice straw and bio-bacterial fertilizer on soil physico-chemical properties and the growth of S.heteroptera in Panjin red beach where S.heteroptera has disappeared for many years.The results showed that soil salt content,bulk density,and<0.25 mm aggregates decreased after the applications of amendments,which were significantly negatively correlated with root length,plant height,plant density,and biomass of S.heteroptera(P<0.05).Soil porosity,>0.25 mm aggregates,and the concentrations of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium increased,which were significantly positively correlated with root length,plant height,plant density and biomass of S.heteroptera except organic matter(P<0.05).The application of organic fertilizer and bio-bacterial fertilizer had stronger improvement effect on soil in tidal flat,followed by humus soil.This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for exploring low-cost methods of soil improvement in S.heteroptera wetland.