论马克思自由人联合体的理论要义及当代启示

On the Theoretical Importance and Contemporary Implications of Marx's Free Association of Persons

马克思对人类历史进行系统全面考察,在深刻批判资本主义社会过程中,形成了“自由人联合体”思想。马克思指出,人类必然进入的一种最高社会形态,即人自由而全面发展的生存图景。在“自由人联合体”里,“各尽所能,按需分配”是人类幸福生活的旗帜。马克思认为实现“自由人联合体”,无产阶级须通过革命手段,消灭私有制,而后大力发展社会生产,提高生产力总量。进入21世纪,人类社会发生了深刻变化,全球面临的问题超出过去一切世代总和。习近平继承和吸收了马克思“自由人联合体”价值精神,从当代世界发展大局和人类前途命运高度出发,深刻思考“世界怎么了,我们怎么办”这一时代课题,提出了构建人类命运共同体理念。该理念旨在建设和维护人类共同的地球家园,实现世界各国人民对美好生活的向往,同时在某种程度上回答了社会主义制度与资本主义制度如何共存的问题。

Marx carried out a systematic and comprehensive investigation of human history,and formed the idea of"free people's association"in the process of deeply criticizing capitalist society,Marx pointed out that the highest social form that mankind must enter is the vision of human existence in which mankind develops freely and comprehensively.In the"community of free men","everyone does his best and distributes according to his needs"is the banner of a happy life for mankind.Marx believed that o realize the"community of free men",the proletariat must eliminate private ownership by revolutionary means,and then vigorously develop social production and increase the total productivity.In the 21st century,human society has undergone profound changes,and the problems facing the world exceed the sum of all previous generations.Xi Jinping inherited and absorbed the value spirit of Marx's"free man association",proceeded from the perspective of the overall development of the contemporary world and the future and destiny of mankind,deeply pondered the topic of the era of"what happened to the world,what shall we do",and proposed building a community with.a shared future for mankind idea.Its purpose is to build and maintain the common earth home of mankind and realize the yearing of people all over the world for a better life.At the same time,it answers the question of how the socialist system and the capitalist system coexist to some extent.