球形爆炸冲击波正面作用下人体头部损伤规律的数值模拟

Study on the human head injury caused by blast shock wave

在军事行动、恐怖袭击和工业事故等爆炸事件中,爆炸冲击波引起的头部损伤已成为主要致伤形式之一。为了阐明冲击波损伤规律及头部承受冲击波损伤阈值,针对不同冲击波入射压力对人体颅脑不同部位的损伤规律进行了研究。建立了头部三维有限元模型,验证了其有效性。建立了冲击波-头部流固耦合模型,在大脑表面沿正中矢状面选取5个特征点,对头部分别在1 000 kPa、800 kPa、600 kPa、400 kPa、300 kPa、200 kPa、100 kPa和50 kPa入射冲击波作用下的损伤情况进行分析。在球形冲击波的作用下,颅骨分散冲击波,为脑组织提供防护;冠状面前侧的特征点受压,后侧特征点受拉;入射冲击波超压大于600 kPa时,距离爆源越近的特征点压力越大,距离爆源越远的特征点压力越小;造成颅脑组织80%严重损伤的入射冲击波超压临界值约为137 kPa。

Due to the frequent occurrence of explosive events such as military operations,terrorist attacks,and industrial accidents,head injuries caused by blast shock waves have become one of the main injury forms.To clarify the law of shock wave damage and the threshold of shock wave damage to the head,the damage laws of different parts of the human brain caused by different shock wave incident pressures are studied.A three-dimensional finite element model of a male head with a height of 178 cm and a weight of 78 kg,consisting of skin,skull,cerebrospinal fluid,cerebrum,cerebellum,brainstem,corpus callosum,and other tissues and organs was established,and the finite element model was verified by comparing the model with the Nahum experiment.Based on the Load Blast Enhanced-Arbitrary Lagrangian-Euleria(LBE-ALE)method,a blast wave-head fluid-structure interaction model was established.Five feature points were selected along the midsagittal plane on the brain surface to analyze the damage to the head under the action of 8 incident shock waves of different overpressure.Under the action of the spherical blast wave,the skull disperses the shock wave to protect the brain tissue;the feature points on the front side of the coronal side are compressed,and the feature points on the rear side are pulled;when the overpressure of the incident shock wave is greater than 600 kPa,the pressure of the feature point close to the explosion source is larger,and the pressure of the feature point farther away from the explosion source is smaller;the critical value of the incident shocKkwave overpressure that causes 80%of the severe damage to the brain tissue is about 137 kPa.A basis for the safety evaluation of shock wave overpressure on the human head injury was provided.