中草药提取液抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫的体内和体外疗效试验

In vivo and in vitro test efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine extract against Eimeria tenella

为了解中草药提取液抗球虫效果,试验将血藤、苦参、使君子、紫草、扁蓄、白花蛇舌草、紫花地丁7种中药采取水煎和醇提两种方法分别制备提取液,将306只罗曼蛋鸡随机分为各中药水提液组和醇提液组,另设空白对照组、阳性对照组及盐酸氨丙啉组,每组3个重复,每个重复6只。除空白对照组外其他组每只试验鸡均感染5×10~4个球虫孢子化卵囊,感染后当天各中药水提液组和醇提液组饲喂添加相应中药提取液的基础日粮(1 kg基础日粮中添加中药提取液10 mL),空白对照组和阳性对照组饲喂基础日粮,盐酸氨丙啉组饲喂基础日粮+盐酸氨丙啉(每克药物加水5 kg)饮水,饲喂7 d。分别在14日龄攻虫给药前和21日龄剖杀前按重复进行称重,计算各组的体增重和相对增重率;收集感染后第7天各组鸡的盲肠,统计每克盲肠内容物卵囊数(OPG)、盲肠病变评分。将2.5%重铬酸钾及制得的中药提取液与球虫未孢子化卵囊共培养48 h,计算重铬酸钾对照组及各中草药提取液组的卵囊孢子化率。结果表明:各中药提取液组体增重均显著高于阳性对照组(P<0.05),且相对增重率均高于阳性对照组;使君子水提液组、紫花地丁水提液组、紫花地丁醇提液组、紫草水提液组、紫草醇提液组、白花蛇舌草醇提液组OPG与阳性对照组均差异不显著(P>0.05),血藤醇提液组的OPG低于盐酸氨丙啉组(P>0.05),且盲肠病变评分显著低于阳性对照组(P<0.05)。各中药提取液组球虫卵囊孢子化率均显著低于重铬酸钾对照组(P<0.05),其中血藤醇提液组球虫卵囊孢子化率为70.00%,显著低于血藤水提液组(P<0.05)。说明在本试验条件下血藤醇提液抗球虫效果最佳,可以起到防治柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的作用。

In order to understand the anti-coccidiosis effect of traditional Chinese medicine extract,in the experiment,seven kinds of traditional Chinese medicines were prepared by water decoction and alcohol extraction,including Sargentodoxa cuneata,Sophora flavescens,Quisqualis caudata,Arnebia euchroma,Polygonum aviculare,Oldenlandia difusa and Viola philippica.In this experiment,306 Roman hens were randomly divided into traditional Chinese medicine water extract group and alcohol extract group.There were also blank control group,positive control group and amprolium hydrochloride group with 3 replicates per group and 6 individuals in each replicate.Except for the blank control group,each chicken in the other groups was infected with 5x1o*coccidia sporulated oocysts.On the day after infection,water extract group and alcohol extract group were fed a basal diet with corresponding traditional Chinese medicine extract(10 mL of liquid was mixed with 1 kg basal diet).The blank control group and the positive control group were fed the basal diet,and the amprolium hydrochloride group was fed the basal diet and administered with drinking water(5 kg per gram with water)for 7 days.Repeated weighing was performed before 14-day-old coccidia challenge and 21-day-old dissection,respectively.The body weight gain and relative weight gain rate of each group were calculated.The cecal contents of each group of chickens on day 7 after infection was collected,and the number of oocysts per gram(OPG)of cecum contents and the cecal lesion score were caculated.The 2.5%potassium dichromate and prepared traditional Chinese medicine extract was cultured with unsporulated oocysts for 48 h;the oocyst sporulated rate of potassium dichromate control group and each traditional Chinese medicine extract group was calculated.The results showed that the weight gain of each Chinese medicine extract group was significantly higher than that of the positive control group(P<0.O5),and the relative weight gain rate was higher than that of the positive control group.The OPGs of Quisqualis caudata water extraction group,Viola philippica water extraction group,Viola philippica alcohol extraction group,Arnebia euchroma water extraction group,Arnebia euchroma alcohol extraction group and Oldenlandia difusa alcohol extraction group had no significant difference with the positive control group(P>0.05).The OPG of Sargentodoxa cuneata alcohol extraction group was lower than that of amprolium hydrochloride group(P>0.05),and the score of cecal lesions was significantly lower than that of the positive control group(P<0.05).Coccidia oocyst sporulated rates of traditional Chinese medicine extract in each group were significantly lower than that in the potassium dichromate control group(P<0.05).Among them,coccidia oocyst sporulated rate in Sargentodoxa cuneata alcohol extraction group was 70.00%,which was significantly lower than that in Sargentodoxa cuneata water extraction group(P<0.05).The results suggested that under the conditions of this experiment,the effect of Sargentodoxa cuneata alcohol extract against coccidia was the best,and it could play a role in the preventionand control of Eimeria tenella.