高效环保B/P/N三元协同阻燃棉织物的制备及其性能

Preparation and properties of high-efficient and eco-friendly B/P/N synergistic flame retardant cotton fabric

为了使棉织物获得高效环保的阻燃性能,采用自制的环保B/P/N三元协同多元醇阻燃剂(BPNM)与聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)发生离子交换反应,制备BPNM/PEI高效阻燃整理液。继而利用浸轧工艺处理棉织物,以期在较低的BPNM用量下使棉织物获得高效阻燃效果。结果表明,BPNM/PEI高效阻燃整理液的优化制备工艺为:BPNM和PEI质量浓度比为10∶1,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为40 min。BPNM/PEI阻燃棉织物的优化整理工艺为:BPNM质量浓度为100 g/L,浴比为1∶20,浸渍温度为25℃,浸渍时间为5 min。与单独用BPNM整理的棉织物相比,BPNM/PEI阻燃棉织物LOI值高达40.1%,提高了约20%。垂直燃烧和锥形量热测试表明,BPNM/PEI阻燃棉织物相较于未整理棉织物续燃时间和阴燃时间大大缩短,其峰值热释放速率降低了约38%,火灾增长率指数降低了约38%,残炭量增加了约211%。棉织物经BPNM/PEI高效阻燃整理液整理后,其表面形貌不会发生太大改变,且具有优良的白度和力学性能。

In order to obtain flame retardant cotton fabric with high efficiency and environmental protection,highefficient flame retardant BPNM/PEI finishing solution was prepared by ion exchange between the homemade eco-friendly B/P/N flame retardant(BPNM)and polyethylenimine(PEI).Then cotton fabric was treated through dipping and padding process to obtain the high-efficient flame-retardant effects at lower BPNM dosage.The results showed that the optimized preparation process of BPNM/PEI finishing solution was as follows:the mass concentration ratio of BPNM and PEI 10∶1,reaction temperature 50℃,reaction time 40 min.The optimal finishing conditions of BPNM/PEI flame-retardant cotton fabric were as follows:BPNM concentration 100 g/L,bath ratio 1∶20,impregnation temperature 25℃,dipping time 5 min.The LOI value of BPNM/PEI flame-retardant cotton fabric reached up to 40.1% and improved by about 20% in comparison with BPNM cotton fabric.The vertical combustion and cone calorimetry tests showed that compared with the untreated cotton fabric,the after-flame time and after-glow time of BPNM/PEI flame-retardant cotton fabric were greatly reduced,the peak heat release rate decreased by about 38%,the fire growth rate lowered by around 38%,and the residual carbon content increased by approximately 211%.After the treatment by BPNM/PEI finishing solution,surface morphology of BPNM/PEI flame-retardant cotton fabric had little change,and it remained excellent whiteness and mechanical properties.