1980-2021年中国食物生产供给结构变化及调整建议

Changes in The Supply Structure of Food Production in China in 1980-2021 and Proposals for Adjustment

目的:对我国食物生产供给结构变化趋势进行分析,进而为食物生产供给结构优化调整、粮食安全保障、建设健康中国提供决策依据。方法:通过对1980—2021年食物生产、进出口及供给宏观数据进行分析,进而反映我国的食物生产供给结构变化趋势,对目前食物生产供给结构所产生的问题加以探讨,从而提出未来我国食物生产供给结构的优化建议。结果:粮食的供给量在这一时期逐年上升;水果和奶类的供给量增长趋势尤其显著;蔬菜、肉类、蛋类、水产品、食糖和植物油等的供给量同样有所提升。结论:我国食物生产供给结构呈现多元化的同时,也面临着大豆、奶类、植物油等进口量快速上升,薯类、杂豆等部分植物性食物生产量持续下降,肉类国内产量已经低于实际消费量,奶类生产供给和消费需求以及推荐摄入量之间存在不同程度缺口等问题,为持续调整优化食物生产供给结构,需要综合实施一系列必要举措灵活应对。

Objective To explain the trends and patterns in the supply structure of food production in China,and to provide a basis for decision-making to further optimize the supply structure of food production,ensure food security,and accelerate the construction of a healthy China.Method By analyzing the macro data of food production,import and export,and supply from 1980 to 2021,we can reflect the changing trend of China's food production and supply structure,discuss the problems arising from the current food production and supply structure,and propose the optimization of China's food production and supply structure in the future.Result From 1980 to 2021,the supply of food showed a year-on-year increasing trend;the supply of fruits and milk showed the most obvious increasing trend;the supply of vegetables,meat,eggs,aquatic products,sugar and vegetable oil also showed a certain increase.Conclusion While the supplied food is gradually diversified in China,it also showed a rapid increase in the dependence on imports of soybeans,dairy and vegetable oils,a continuous decline in the production of some plant foods such as potatoes and beans,the domestic production of meat cannot meet actual consumption,and there are different degrees of gap between the production and supply of milk and consumer demand and the recommended intake.It is necessary to take corresponding measures to further adjust and improve the supply and production structure of food.