播期和种植密度对荃麦725小麦籽粒产量和品质的调控效应

Regulatory Effects of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Grain Yield and Quality of Quanmai 725

[目的]确定荃麦725的最佳种植密度和播种时间。[方法]设置2个播期(S1:10月29日、S2:11月15日)、3个种植密度(D1:225万/hm^(2)、D2:375万/hm^(2)、D3:525万/hm^(2)),测试荃麦725小麦品种产量和品质与播种期、密度之间的关系。[结果]正常播期的荃麦725籽粒产量最高,比晚播处理高39.56%。当种植密度为D2(375万/hm^(2))时,产量达到最大值,单位面积穗数最多。每穗粒数和千粒重在播种期适宜时最高,随种植密度的增加而减少。推迟播期可显著改善荃麦725籽粒的粉质仪参数和面团理化性能,但会降低面团的加工质量。粉质仪参数的3个指标随种植密度的增大而增大,吸水率随种植密度的增大而减小,形成时间和稳定时间随种植密度的增大先增大后减小;容重、出粉率、硬度也随种植密度的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势。[结论]荃麦725优质与高产相结合的播期为S1(正常播期);种植密度为D2(375万/hm^(2))。

[Objective]The aim was to determine the optimum planting density and sowing time of Quanmai 725.[Method]Set 2 sowing dates(S1:October 29th,S2:November 15th)and 3 planting densities(D1:2.25 million/hm^(2),D2:3.75 million/hm^(2),D3:5.25 million/hm^(2))to test the relationship between yield and quality of Quanmai 725 wheat variety and sowing date and planting density.[Result]The grain yield of Quanmai 725 during the normal sowing period was the highest,which was 39.56%higher than that in the late sowing period.When the planting density is D2(3.75 million/hm^(2)),the yield reached its maximum value and the number of spikes per unit area was the highest.grains per panicle and the weight of 1000 grains were highest at the appropriate sowing time,and decreased with the increase of planting density.Delaying the sowing date can significantly improve the farinograph parameters and dough physicochemical properties of Quanmai 725 seeds,but it would reduce the processing quality of the dough.The three indexes of powder quality parameters increased with the increase of planting density,the water absorption decreased with the increase of planting density,and the formation time and stability time first increased and then decreased with the increase of planting density.The bulk density,powder yield and hardness also showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of planting density.[Conclusion]The sowing period to achieve the combination of high quality and high yield of Quanmai 725 is S1(normal sowing period);The planting density was D2(3.75 million/hm^(2)).