溶瘤病毒体内显像的研究进展

Research progress of oncolytic virus in vivo imaging

溶瘤病毒可以在不对正常细胞产生影响的情况下招募和激活免疫细胞, 靶向杀死肿瘤细胞并且感染破坏肿瘤的血管系统。经过基因改造的溶瘤病毒可在肿瘤细胞中选择性地复制并表达报告基因, 因此, 溶瘤病毒疗法在肿瘤学领域受到越来越多的关注。目前很多研究者致力于对溶瘤病毒进行优化复制, 实现对其追踪, 通过分子显像无创并连续地识别病毒靶向肿瘤的能力, 测量病毒的感染水平, 为临床提供安全、有效的信息。这种实时追踪可为优化患者的治疗提供病毒剂量和给药时间等信息, 且可避免多次重复的组织病理学活检。此外, 溶瘤病毒治疗的分子显像可以检测肿瘤的起源及其转移部位, 是一种更灵敏、特异性更高的诊断技术。追踪病毒复制的成像方式主要包括光学成像和深层组织成像, 笔者总结了近年来溶瘤病毒成像的方式及进展, 阐明了各种成像方式的优势及不足。

Oncolytic virus can recruit and activate immune cells against tumor cells without damaging normal cells,thus to infect and destroy the target cells and the tumor vascular system.The transformed oncolytic virus can selectively replicate and express reporter genes in tumor cells,which has attracted more and more attention in oncology field.Currently,many studies are committed to optimizing the traceability of oncolytic virus replication,via noninvasive and continuous identification of virus targeting tumor and measuring the level of virus infection,to provide safe and effective information by molecular imaging.This real-time tracking will provide useful virus dose and administration schedule information for optimizing treatment and avoid repeated biopsies.In addition,molecular imaging of oncolytic virus therapy can provide a more sensitive and specific diagnostic technique to detect the origin and metastasis of tumor.Imaging methods for tracking virus replication mainly include optical imaging and deep tissue imaging.Authors summarize the progress of oncolytic virus imaging methods in recent years,ploting the advantage and deficiency of each imaging method.