景区依附型社区参与旅游发展的文化限制性分析——以施秉喀斯特遗产地社区为例

Cultural limitation analysis of participation in tourism development in scenic area dependent communities: The case study of the communities in Shibing Karst Heritage Site

当前对社区参与旅游发展的限制性因素的探讨较少从文化方面深入分析。本文在建立文化限制性因素分析框架的基础上,运用质性研究方法,对贵州省施秉喀斯特世界自然遗产地的依附型社区进行案例分析。研究发现(:1)景区依附型社区参与旅游并非呈线性发展,遗产地社区20余年来的旅游发展经历了“搭便车”参与、中期的自发组织性参与到目前发展陷入困境等阶段(;2)依附型社区参与旅游的阶段性发展困境中,文化限制性因素尤为突出(;3)遗产地社区参与旅游的发展变化是由地方的社区参与意识、社区参与能力、社区参与领导力、社区参与凝聚力以及社区参与集体行动力等若干文化限制性因素所致。研究对社区参与旅游发展状况的深入评估,为分析文化限制性提供了一个较为有效的框架,对乡村旅游发展、地方政府旅游政策的制定以及“乡村振兴”等具有参考意义。

The current discussion on the limitation factors of community participation in tourism development is less in-depth analysis from the cultural perspective.Therefore,based on the analysis framework of cultural limitation,this study applies qualitative research method to study dependent communities in Shibing karst world natural heritage site.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Community participation in tourism depending the scenic area is not completely linear development.The tourism development of communities around the Shibing karst heritage site in recent 30 years has experienced three stages from the"free-ride"participation,the spontaneous organizational participation in the medium-term to the current development dilemma.(2)In the stage dilemma of dependent community participation in tourism,cultural restrictive factors are particularly prominent.The survey found that local tourism in Shibing karst can not support the employment and livelihood of residents at all.In particular,community participation in tourism is significantly affected by cultural restrictive factors that work together between local and community.(3)The development and change of tourism participation in heritage site are caused by several cultural limitations based on place,such as the consciousness of community participation,the ability of community participation,the leadership of community participation,the cohesion of community participation and collective action.Throughout an in-depth evaluation of the community participation in tourism development,this research provides a more effective analytical framework for the cultural limitations of community participation in tourism development,and provides some references for the development of rural tourism,the formulation of local government tourism policies and"rural revitalization".