高温胁迫对卓两优141和望两优091开花习性与结实率的影响

Effects of High Temperature Stress on Flowering Habits and Seed Setting Rate of Zhuoliangyou 141 and Wangliangyou 091

以卓两优141与望两优091为材料,从开花历期、开花动态、花药开裂、花粉活力、柱头活力及结实率等方面,研究高温胁迫对其开花习性与结实率的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,在高温胁迫下,2个品种的开花历期缩短,每日开花时间延长且峰值降低,颖花张开时间缩短且开颖角度减小,花药开裂系数降低,花粉活力下降,柱头活力下降,结实率显著下降;高温胁迫下,卓两优141的开颖角度、花药开裂系数、花粉活力、柱头活力、结实率均高于望两优091,热害指数较低,表现出较强的耐高温能力;高温胁迫下,水稻材料保持较高的开颖角度、花药开裂系数、花粉活力、柱头活力是耐高温品种的生理基础。

The effects of high temperature stress on flowering habits and seed setting rate of Zhuoliangyou 141 and Wangliangyou 091 were studied from the aspects of flowering duration,flowering dynamics,pollen vigor,anther cracking,stigma vigor and seed setting rate.The results showed that,compared with the control,under high temperature stress the flowering duration of two varieties was shortened,the daily flowering time was prolonged and the peak value was decreased,the glume opening time was shortened and the glume opening angle decreased,the anther dehiscence coefficient decreased and the pollen viability decreased,stigma vitality decreased,seed setting rate decreased significantly.Under high temperature stress,the glume opening angle,anther dehiscence coefficient,pollen vigor,stigma vitality and seed setting rate of Zhuoliangyou 141 were higher than those of Wangliangyou 091,and the heat damage index of Zhuoliangyou 141 was significantly lower than that of Wangliangyou 091,indicating that Zhuoliangyou 141 has a stronger high temperature tolerance.Under high temperature stress,high glume opening angle,anther dehiscence coefficient,pollen vitality and stigma vitality are the physiological basis of the varieties with a high temperature tolerance.