2018—2021年马鞍山市成蚊生态学监测分析

Ecological surveillance of adult mosquitoes in Ma’anshan City from 2018 to 2021

目的了解马鞍山市2018—2021年成蚊种类构成、密度及季节消长趋势,为蚊媒传染病防治提供参考依据。方法按照《全国病媒生物监测实施方案》采用成蚊诱蚊灯法捕蚊,并对蚊虫分类统计。结果2018—2021年共捕获成蚊20537只,淡色库蚊为优势种,占59.02%,其次为中华按蚊(19.33%)、白纹伊蚊(19.14%)。捕获蚊虫总密度为2.38只/(灯·h),在不同的生境类型中,牲畜棚监测平均蚊密度最高,达4.46只/(灯·h);医院密度最低,为1.34只/(灯·h)。淡色库蚊、中华按蚊均在牲畜棚里密度最高,分别为2.17、1.67只/(灯·h),白纹伊蚊在公园里密度最高,为0.74只/(灯·h)。季节消长呈单峰型,7月最高,为5.57只/(灯·h)。结论马鞍山市蚊密度总体处于较低水平,呈现明显的季节消长。淡色库蚊是马鞍山市的优势蚊种,是今后防治的重点。重点应加强牲畜棚、公园和农户的蚊虫防治。

Objective To understand the composition,density and seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes in Ma'anshan City from 2018 to 2021,and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases.Methods According to the“National Vector Surveillance Implementation Plan”for vector density-mosquito,adult mosquitoes were monitored using the light trap method.Results A total of 20537 mosquitoes were captured from 2018 to 2021,and Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species accounting for 59.02%,followed by Anopheles sinensis(19.33%)and Aedes albopictus(19.14%).The overall average density was 2.38 mosquitoes/(lamp·h).Among various habitats,the average mosquito density was the highest in livestock sheds[4.46 mosquitoes/(lamp·h)]and the lowest in hospitals[1.34 mosquitoes/(lamp·h)].The densities of Culex pipiens pallens[2.17 mosquitoes/(lamp·h)]and Anopheles sinensis[1.67 mosquitoes/(lamp·h)]in livestock sheds were much higher than in other habitats,while the highest Aedes albopictus density was in parks as 0.74 mosquitoes/(lamp·h).The seasonal fluctuation showed a unimodal curve with a peak in July as 5.57 mosquitoes/(lamp·h).Conclusion The density of mosquitoes in Ma'anshan was generally at a relatively low level and showed obvious seasonal fluctuation.Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant mosquito species in Ma'anshan,which should be taken as the focus of further control strategies.Mosquito control in livestock sheds,parks and rural residential areas should be strengthened.