2020年六安市裕安区固镇镇洪涝灾害公共卫生应急风险评估

Public health emergency risk assessment of flood in Guzhen Town of Yu’an District Lu’an City in 2020

目的 评估洪涝灾害后公共卫生风险。方法 采用现场调查、实验室检测和专家会商(风险问题咨询、德尔菲法和风险矩阵法)等结合的方式,对发生洪涝灾害的六安市裕安区固镇镇开展公共卫生风险评估。结果 灾害发生地区低洼地带排水不畅,垃圾多,极易孳生病菌和蚊蝇。自来水出厂水浑浊度及部分末梢水余氯不符合要求,但微生物指标达标。蚊密度高,蝇密度是安全阈值的1.2倍,鼠密度是安全阈值的1.6倍,发生虫媒传染病的风险较高。与洪涝灾害相关的传染病报告数较多的疾病种类为其他感染性腹泻、痢疾、急性出血性结膜炎、流行性出血热、中暑。低风险的有新冠肺炎、急性血吸虫病、食物中毒、霍乱、流行性乙型脑炎、甲肝、伤寒副伤寒、登革热、流行性感冒、肺结核、手足口病等。结论 固镇镇洪灾区存在中暑、皮炎、食物中毒、溺水、毒虫咬蛰伤和痢疾以及虫媒传染病发生的风险。

Objective To evaluate the public health risk after the flood.Methods Field investigation,laboratory detection,expert consultation,Delphi method and the risk matrix method were employed for the risk assessment.Results The low-lying areas of the flood area had poor drainage and a lot of garbage,which were easy for the emergence of bacteria,mosquitoes and flies.The turbidity and residual chlorine in some tap water did not meet the requirements,but the microbial index reached the standard.The mosquito density was high,the fly density was 1.2 times of the safe threshold and the rodent density was 1.6 times of the safe threshold,posing high risk of vector-borne diseases.Floods associated infectious diseases included diarrhea,dysentery,acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis,epidemic hemorrhagic fever,heat stroke.Low risk diseases were COVID-19,food poisoning,acute schistosomiasis,cholera,Japanese encephalitis,hepatitis A,typhoid paratyphoid,tuberculosis,dengue fever,influenza,tuberculosis and hand-foot-mouth disease.Conclusion The flood areas in Guzhen were at risk of heatstroke,dermatitis,food poisoning,drowning,insect bites and dysentery and vector-borne diseases.