1961至2020年某地区尘肺病死亡患者流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis deaths in a certain area from 1961 to 2020

目的了解上海市普陀区尘肺病死亡患者的流行病学特征,为尘肺病的防治和管理提供依据。方法于2021年6月,回顾性分析上海市普陀区1961年1月至2020年12月263例尘肺病死亡患者资料。运用趋势χ^(2)_(检验)、方差分析和Spearman秩相关等方法,分析尘肺病死亡患者的基本情况、接尘工龄、晋级期别、病程及直接死因情况。结果上海市普陀区1961至2020年累计死亡的263例尘肺病患者中,男性260例(98.86%),主要尘肺病类型为铸工尘肺(53.23%,140/263)和矽肺(43.73%,115/263),主要工种为清砂工(36.50%,96/263);发病年龄为(53.42±10.13)岁,死亡年龄为(76.14±9.12)岁,接尘工龄为(20.91±8.99)年。尘肺病死亡患者的接尘工龄与病程长短呈负相关(rs=-0.24,P<0.001);随着尘肺期别的上升,矽肺和铸工尘肺病死率也呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=4.22、3.87,P=0.046、0.049)。31.94%(84/263)的尘肺病患者直接死于尘肺病,位居直接死因的首位。结论上海市普陀区尘肺病死亡患者以铸工尘肺和矽肺为主,尘肺病是导致其死亡的主要原因。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis deaths in Putuo District of Shanghai,and to provide evidence for prevention and management of pneumoconiosis in the future.Methods In June 2021,the data of 263 patients with pneumoconiosis who died from January 1961 to December 2020 in Putuo District of Shanghai were retrospectively analyzed.Trendχ^(2) test,analysis of variance and Spearman rank correlation methods were used to analyze the basic information,age of exposure to dust,promotion period,course of disease and direct cause of death of patients with pneumoconiosis.Results Among the 263 cases of pneumoconiosis patients who died in Putuo District of Shanghai from 1961 to 2020,260 cases(98.86%)were male.The main types of pneumoconiosis were foundry worker pneumoconiosis(53.23%,140/263)and silicosis(43.73%,115/263).The main types of pneumoconiosis were sand cleaner(36.50%,96/263).The age of onset was(53.42±10.13)years old,the age of death was(76.14±9.12)years old,and the age of exposure to dust was(20.91±8.99)years.The duration of dust exposure was negatively correlated with the duration of disease(rs=-0.24,P<0.001).With the increase of pneumoconiosis stage,the mortality of silicosis and foundry worker pneumoconiosis also showed an increasing trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=4.22,3.87,P=0.040,0.049).31.94%(84/263)of pneumoconiosis patients died directly from pneumoconiosis,ranking first among the direct causes of death.Conclusion The death cases of pneumoconiosis in Putuo District of Shanghai are mainly foundry worker pneumoconiosis and silicosis,and pneumoconiosis is the main cause of death.