四川省1067名三级甲等医院护士长人格特质与职业倦怠的相关分析

Analysis on relationship between personality traits and occupational burnout among 1067 head nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals of Sichuan Province

目的了解四川省三级甲等医院护士长职业倦怠的现状,分析护士长人格特质与职业倦怠的相关性,为护士长培训及选拔提供依据。方法于2021年4—9月按比例抽取四川省66家三级甲等医院1067名护士长作为调查对象,使用一般情况调查表、Maslach职业倦怠量表、大五人格问卷简式版进行资料收集,并对数据进行分析。结果四川省66家三级甲等医院1067名护士长职业倦怠总分为(31.78±18.22)分,各维度得分由高到低为情绪耗竭(17.01±10.29)分,低个人成就感(10.60±8.18)分,去人格化(4.17±2.97)分。人格特质中神经质人格与情绪耗竭、低个人成就感、去人格化呈正相关(r=0.339~0.605,均P<0.01),宜人性、严谨性、开放性、外向性人格与情绪耗竭、低个人成就感、去人格化呈负相关(r=-0.106~-0.525,均P<0.01)。工作年限、神经质、严谨性、宜人性、外向性、开放性人格是护士长职业倦怠的重要影响因素。结论四川省66家三级甲等医院1067名护士长处于轻度职业倦怠,具有积极人格特质的护士长职业倦怠发生的几率小,具有神经质人格的护士长在工作中更容易产生职业倦怠。三级甲等医院的领导和护理管理者应从积极心理学角度,加强护士长积极人格的培养,减少职业倦怠,保证护理质量和护理工作的顺利开展。

Objective To investigate the status quo of job burnout of head nurses ingrade-A tertiary hospitals of Sichuan Province,explore the relationships between head nurses'personality traits and occupational burnout,and provide evidence for head nurses'training and selection.Methods From April to September 2021,1067 head nurses from 66 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province were selected proportionally as the survey subjects,investigated by the general situation questionnaire,Maslach burnout inventory-human services survey and Chinese big five personality inventory-brief version,and the data were analyzed.Results The total score of job burnout among 1067 head nurses from 66 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province was(31.78±18.22)points.The dimensions in score from high to low were emotional exhaustion[(17.01±10.29)points],low level of personal accomplishment[(10.60±8.18)points],and depersonalization[(4.17±2.97)points],The neuroticism of personality traits was positively correlated with emotional exhaustion,low level of personal accomplishment and depersonalization(r=0.339-0.605,all P<0.01),while agreeableness,conscientiousness,and extroverted personality were negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion,low level of personal accomplishment and depersonalization(r=-0.106-0.525,all P<0.01).The working years,neuroticism,conscientiousness,agreeableness,extroversion and openness were the important factors affecting job burnout of head nurses.Conclusions The head nurses from 66 grade-Atertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province are in mild job burnout.The head nurses with positive personality traits are less likely to experience job burnout,while the head nurses with neurotic personality are more likely to experience job burnout at work.From the perspective of positive psychology,the leaders and nursing managers of grade-A tertiary hospitals should strengthen the cultivation of positive personality of head nurses,reduce job burnout,and ensure the nursing quality and the smooth development of nursing work.