纳米粒子的程序化自组装研究进展

Recent advances in programmable self-assembly of nanoparticles

纳米粒子的自组装作为自下而上构筑纳米组装结构的简便且高效的策略而受到广泛关注,但在组装结构的精准性、多样性以及可操控性等方面仍面临较大的挑战.纳米粒子的程序化自组装是指特定的纳米粒子基元按照预先编好的程序自发排列成位置和取向等空间排列方式受到精准调控的组装结构,其更强调任意构筑一系列符合预先设定结构的多种形式纳米粒子组装体.本文总结了应用于纳米粒子程序化自组装的四类常用策略,即类原子成键、区域选择性修饰、模板引导和物理场调控,着重评述了近年来该领域的一些重要进展,并对纳米粒子程序化自组装的未来发展做了展望.

As a facile and powerful strategy to bottom-up construct nanostructure assemblies,self-assembly of nanoparticles has attracted broad attention,but it still faces critical challenges in the accuracy,diversity and manipulability of the assembly structures.Programmable self-assembly of nanoparticles refers to the assembly behavior in which specific nanoparticles are spontaneously arranged into well-defined assemblies with precisely regulated spatial arrangements including location and orientation according to pre-programmed procedures.It aims to arbitrarily construct a variety of desired nanoparticle assemblies with prescribed structures.In this review,four common strategies that have been employed to direct programmable self-assembly of nanoparticles are summarized,namely,atom-like bonding,regioselective modification,template guidance and physical field regulation.Some important advances in this field in recent years are highlighted.The future development of the programmable self-assembly of nanoparticles is also prospected.