清末江西陶瓷业探析——以《江西物产总汇》的记载为中心

Analysis of Jiangxi Ceramic Industry in the Late Qing Dynasty——Centered on the Records in Jiangxi Property Collection

在清末“新政”实业救国大背景的影响之下,江西的陶瓷业呈现了一些新的变化,表现了一定的现代性:一是以市场为导向进行生产,出现了包括工业用瓷在内的新产品;二是改良和新增陶瓷产地,景德镇依然保持清末中国高档瓷器生产中心的位置,但新出现了金溪等产地;三是出现了瓷业股份有限公司等新式生产组织,进行半工业化生产;四是各地所产瓷器各具特色,在陶瓷销售市场上自动形成了互补的局面。但清末江西的陶瓷业仍面临粗瓷多、精瓷少、国内市场被“洋瓷”挤占等困境。对于清末江西陶瓷业的成就,我们必须客观评价,既要看到不足,也要重视其对我国现代陶瓷业的影响。

Under the influence of the great background of saving the country by industry in the late Qing Dynasty,Jiangxi’s ceramic industry showed some new characteristics.One of them is modernity which is embodies in the following respects.Firstly,production was guided by market demand and new products including industrial porcelain appeared.Secondly,some ceramic production places were improved or newly established.Jingdezhen still maintained its position as the production center of high-end porcelain in China in the late Qing Dynasty,but new production areas such as Jinxi appeared.Thirdly,new production organizations such as Porcelain Industry Co.,Ltd.emerged to carry out semi-industrial production.Fourthly,porcelain products in various regions have their own characteristics,which automatically formed a complementary situation in the ceramic market.However,Jiangxi’s ceramic industry in the late Qing Dynasty still faced many difficulties,such as less fine porcelain and more coarse porcelain,even the domestic market occupied by“foreign porcelain”.For the achievements of Jiangxi ceramics industry in the late Qing Dynasty,we must acknowledge its shortcomings and emphasize its influence on the modern Chinese ceramics industry,in order to make an objective evaluation on it.