核酸适配子的结构特征及其对结合性能的影响

Structural characteristics of aptamers and their effects on binding properties

核酸适配子是从人工合成的随机单链寡核苷酸文库中筛选出的生物分子特异性配体,其与靶分子的结合性能类似于抗体,但具有热稳定性、制备方便、易于进行结构修饰等优点,因而广泛应用于生物医药领域的分子检测。核酸适配子的结构直接影响其与靶分子的结合性能,包括一级结构、二级结构、三级结构,以及G—四联体等特殊结构。核酸适配子的高级结构不但受其自身结构特点的影响,也受其周围环境理化因素的影响。深入了解核酸适配子结构特点及其对结合靶标影响,进而进行针对性结构修饰及截短,可获得更优性能的核酸适配子,促进其实际应用,并为分析其作用机制提供依据。基于核酸适配子结构特点而设计的适配子传感器,可获得良好的靶标检测性能。

Aptamers are the specific ligands of biological molecules,which are selected from synthetic random single-stranded oligonucleotide libraries.Their binding properties with target molecules are similar to antibodies,but they have the advantages of thermal stability,convenient preparation and easy structural modification.Therefore,they are widely used in the molecular detection of biological and medical fieldes.The structures of aptamers directly affects their binding performance with target molecules,including primary structure,secondary structure,tertiary structure,G-quadruplex and other special structures.The advanced structure of an aptamer is not only affected by its own structural characteristics,but also by the physical and chemical factors of its surrounding environment.Deeply understanding the structural characteristics of aptamers and their effects on binding targets,and then perform speicial structural modification and truncation,aptamers with better binding performance can be obtained,which is able to promote their practical application and provide basis for analyzing their action mechanism.The aptamer sensor based on the structural characteristics of aptamers can obtain good target detection performance.