6种观赏竹光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性研究

Study on Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Six Ornamental Bamboo Species

为给南竹北移高光竹种的栽培和推广提供理论依据,本试验用CIRAS-2便携式光合仪测定自然光照下聊城市夏季6种观赏竹(斑竹、淡竹、金镶玉竹、黄槽竹、黄竿乌哺鸡竹和蓉城竹)的光响应曲线和光合日变化,用便携式多功能植物效率分析仪(Handy PEA)测定不同竹种的叶绿素荧光,分析光合荧光参数的相关性,并用隶属函数法综合评价其光合能力。结果表明,淡竹的最大净光合速率(Pnmax)最高,为14.53μmol/(m^(2)·s),黄竿乌哺鸡竹的Pnmax最低,只有9.65μmol/(m^(2)·s);淡竹和斑竹的光饱和点(LSP)较高,光补偿点(LCP)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)较低,有机物积累较多。斑竹、淡竹、黄槽竹、黄竿乌哺鸡竹、蓉城竹净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化曲线为单峰型,金镶玉竹为双峰型。斑竹、淡竹的叶绿素SPAD值、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo)、受光面积综合性能指数(PI_(abs))均高于其它竹种,其整体综合性能指数(PI_(total))也较高。Pn与Gs、Tr、WUE、PI_(abs)极显著正相关,与PI_(total)显著正相关,与Ci、Fo极显著负相关。采用隶属函数法对6种观赏竹进行综合评价,其光合能力大小依次为淡竹>斑竹>蓉城竹>金镶玉竹>黄竿乌哺鸡竹>黄槽竹。淡竹和斑竹光合能力较强,具有较好的环境适应性,可以作为南竹北移的优良高光绿化竹种。

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and promotion of the bamboo species moved from south to north,the light response curve and diurnal variation of photosynthesis of six ornamental bamboo species(Phyllostachys bambusoides f.lacrima-deae,P.glauca,P.aureosulcata cv.Spectabilis,P.aureosulcata,P.vivax cv.Aureocaulis,P.bissetii)in Liaocheng city in summer were measured by the CIRAS-2 portable photosynthesometer.The chlorophyll fluorescence of different bamboo species was determined by a portable multifunctional plant efficiency analyzer(Handy PEA).The correlation of photosynthetic fluorescence parameters was analyzed,and the photosynthetic capacity was evaluated by the membership function method.The results showed that P.glauca had the highest Pnmax,which was 14.53μmol/(m^(2)·s),and the P.vivax had the lowest Pnmax,which was 9.65μmol/(m^(2)·s),P.glauca and P.bambusoides had higher light satura-tion point(LSP),lower light compensation point(LCP),dark respiration rate(Rd)and more organic matter accumulation was.The diurnal variation curves of net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of P.bambusoides,P.glauca,P.aureosulcata,P.vivax cv.Aureocaulis and P.bissetii were unimodal,while those of P.aureosulcata cv.Spectabilis were bimodal.The SPAD value,maxi-mum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm),potential photochemical activity of PSⅡ(Fv/Fo)and com-prehensive performance index of light area(PI_(abs))of P.bambusoides and P.glauca were higher than those of the other bamboo species,and its overall comprehensive performance index(PI_(total))was also higher.Pn was positively correlated with Gs,Tr,WUE and PI_(abs)(P<0.01),positively correlated with PI_(total)(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with Ci and Fo(P<0.01).The six ornamental bamboo species were evaluated by mem-bership function method.Their photosynthetic capacity was in the order of P.glauca>P.bambusoides>P.bis-setii>P.aureosulcata cv.Spectabilis>P.vivax cv.Aureocaulis>P.aureosulcata.P.glauca and P.bambusoides had stronger photosynthetic capacity and better adaptability,so they could be used as an excellent highlighter green bamboo species for the northward migration of southern bamboo.