益生菌联合海藻多糖对草莓生长与品质的影响

Effects of Probiotics Combined with Seaweed Polysaccharide on Growth and Fruit Quality of Strawberry

为开发针对草莓提质增效的新型生物肥料,试验以本课题组筛选的优良菌株(乳酸菌)和海藻多糖为材料,选取天仙醉和越秀两个草莓品种,探究单一和联合施用处理对两品种草莓植株生长、叶片生理指标、单果重及果实品质的影响。结果表明,不同施肥处理均能促进草莓植株生长,降低叶片丙二醛含量,提高叶绿素含量。其中,海藻多糖发酵液对天仙醉的单果增重效果最佳,而益生菌发酵液复配海藻多糖对越秀的单果增重效果最佳,分别较对照提高57.2%和40.3%。不同施肥处理还可显著改善草莓果实品质:对天仙醉而言,海藻多糖发酵液处理可溶性蛋白含量提高幅度最大,较对照提高88.4%;糖酸比则以益生菌发酵液复配海藻多糖处理最高,较对照提高27.6%;益生菌发酵液与海藻多糖复配显著增加果实中VC、总酚和总黄酮含量,较对照分别提高21.57%、15.02%和23.70%。对越秀而言,益生菌发酵液复配海藻多糖处理的糖酸比增幅最大,达71.9%;各施肥处理对其可溶性蛋白及活性成分含量的影响相对较小。对种植天仙醉土壤的微生物多样性分析表明,含益生菌的3种处理可显著提高其α多样性指数,改善土壤微生物多样性。综上,益生菌菌剂联合海藻多糖可协同促进草莓植株生长、改善果实品质,但不同品种间有所差异,其中天仙醉对各施肥处理的响应更为敏感,其作用机制可能与土壤微生物多样性的改善相关。本研究可为后期研发适合不同品种草莓的新型生物肥料提供依据和参考。

In order to develop new types of biofertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of straw-berry,the excellent lactobacillus strains selected by our research group and the seaweed polysaccharide were used to explore the effects of single and combined treatments on the growth traits,leaf physiological indicators,single fruit weight and fruit quality of two strawberry cultivars of Tianxianzui and Yuexiu.The results showed that all the fertilization treatments promoted the growth of strawberry plants,decreased the content of malondi-aldehyde and increased the content of chlorophyll.Among them,the seaweed polysaccharide fermentation liq-uid had the best effect on single fruit weight gain of Tianxianzui,while the probiotic fermentation liquid com-bined with seaweed polysaccharide had the best effect on Yuexiu,which increased by 57.2%and 40.3%com-pared with the control,respectively.Different fertilization treatments also significantly improved the fruit quali-ty of strawberry.For Tianxianzui,the seaweed polysaccharide fermentation liquid treatment showed the greatest increase in soluble protein content,which increased by 88.4%compared with the control;the sugar-acid ratio was the highest under the trentment of probiotic fermentation broth combined with seaweed polysaccharide,which increased by 27.6%compared with the control,the combination treatment of probiotic fermentation broth and seaweed polysaccharide significantly increased the contents of VC,total phenol and total flavonoids in fruits,which were 21.57%,15.02%and 23.70%higher than those of control.For Yuexiu,the increase of sugar-acid ratio was the highest under the probiotic fermentation broth combined with seaweed polysaccharide treatment,reaching 71.9%;the effects of different fertilization treatments on soluble protein and active ingre-dient contents were relatively smaller.The analysis of microbial diversity in soil planted with Tianxianjiu showed that the three treatments containing probiotics significantly increased theα-diversity index and im-proved soil microbial diversity.In conclusion,probiotics combined with seaweed polysaccharide could effec-tively promote the growth of strawberry plants and improve the fruit quality,but there were differences among different varieties;among which,Tianxianzia was more sensitive to various fertilization treatments,and the mechanism might be related to the improvement of soil microbial diversity.These results could provide bases and references for the research and development of new biological fertilizers suitable for different strawberry varieties.