基于DRASTIC方法的青岛市崂山区地下水脆弱性评价

Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability in Laoshan District of Qingdao City Based on DRASTIC Method

随着经济快速发展,人口逐年增长,水资源短缺已成为制约青岛市经济社会发展的短板。以人类活动强烈的青岛市崂山区为例,基于DRASTIC模型构建了反映崂山区水资源脆弱性的评价指标体系,评价青岛市崂山区浅层地下水脆弱性。首先建立DRASTIC模型评分体系,根据获得的数据资料分别建立7个评价指标的评分图,然后利用ArcGIS软件对7个评价指标进行叠加分析,得到崂山区地下水脆弱性程度分区图,最后依据评价结果,将研究区划分为难污染、较难污染、较易污染、易污染和极易污染5个区域。结果表明:青岛市崂山区地下水脆弱性总体水平较低;崂山强切割低山地区,地下水脆弱性较低,地下水埋深较大,坡度大,且人口密度小,地下水不易受外界污染物污染;土寨河、王哥庄河、晓望河、南九水河、张村河等河流中下游地区,地势较低,且靠近海岸线,受海水入侵影响较大,地下水脆弱性较高,地下水易受外界污染物污染,地下水监测保护刻不容缓。

With the rapid development of coastal economy and the rapid strengthening of coastal zone development and utilization activities,geolog⁃ical disasters such as seawater intrusion,coastal erosion,sea level rise and coastal wetland degradation have become one of the key factors restric⁃ting the social and economic development of coastal zone.Taking Laoshan District of Qingdao City with intense human activities as an example,the assessment index system reflecting the vulnerability of water resources in Laoshan District was established based on DRASTIC model to evaluate the vulnerability of shallow groundwater in Laoshan District.First of all,the seven indicators were graded to establish the DRASTIC scoring system in accordance with the study area.The scoring charts of the seven indicators of the study area’s DRASTIC model were obtained.According to the ob⁃tained data,the scoring charts of each factor were established respectively.The groundwater vulnerability zoning map of Laoshan District was ob⁃tained.The assessment results of DRASTIC model show that the groundwater vulnerability of Laoshan District in Qingdao is relatively lower.In the low⁃mountain area,the groundwater vulnerability is lower,the groundwater depth is larger,the slope is large and the population density is small,so the groundwater is not easy to be polluted by external pollutants.In the middle and lower reaches of Tuzhai River,Wanggezhuang River,Xiaowang River,Nanjiushui River,Zhangcun River and other groundwater is not easy to be polluted by external pollutants.In the middle and lower reaches of tuzhai River,Wanggezhuang River,Xiaowang River,Nanjiushui River,Zhangcun River and other rivers,the terrain is lower and close to the coastline,and the seawater intrusion has a greater impact,so the relative vulnerability of groundwater is higher.The regional groundwater is vulner⁃able to external pollutants,so the monitoring and protection of groundwater is urgent.