农村经济转型的国际经验比较、规律及政策启示

The International Experience Comparison,Law and Policy Enlightenment of Rural Economic Transformation

农村经济转型关乎乡村振兴战略的顺利实施,有其共性规律和区域差异。本文基于1991—2018年世界主要国家的农村经济转型数据,从农业转型和农村劳动力转型两个维度剖析不同国家的农村经济转型阶段特征,并以农村减贫为例考察其转型效果,在此基础上开展农村经济转型的类型学研究,揭示农村经济转型的一般规律。研究发现,近三十年来,发展中国家的农村经济转型速度普遍高于发达国家,制度革新、市场改革、技术应用、土地规模化和城市化等因素是推动农村经济转型的主要驱动力,且农村经济转型速度越快,减贫效果越明显。基于上述分析,本文提出在乡村振兴过程中,要加快农业转型速度,促进农业高质量发展;加快农村劳动力转型速度,缩小城乡收入差距;构建与农村经济转型阶段相适应的体制机制,实现农业农村现代化。

Rural economic transformation is related to the smooth implementation of rural revitalization strategy,which has its common rules and regional differences.Based on the rural economic transition data of major countries in the world from 1991 to 2018,this paper analyzes the characteristics of rural economic transition stages in different countries from the two dimensions of agricultural transition and rural labor transition,and takes rural poverty reduction as an example to investigate its transformation effects.On this basis,it carries out typology research on rural economic transition and reveals the general law of rural economic transition.Research has found that in the past thirty years,the speed of rural economic transformation in developing countries has generally been higher than that of developed countries.Factors such as institutional reform,market reform,technology application,land scale,and urbanization are the main driving forces for promoting rural economic transformation.Moreover,the faster the speed of rural economic transformation,the more obvious the poverty reduction effect.Based on the above analysis,this paper proposes to accelerate the speed of agricultural transformation and promote the high quality development of agriculture in the process of rural revitalization;accelerate the transformation of rural labor force,narrow the urban-rural income gap;to construct the system and mechanism suitable for the transition stage of rural economy and realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.