泥石流防治对策与新方法

COUNTERMEASURES AND NEW METHODS FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DEBRIS FLOWS

基于云南地质灾害防治历程和云南高原泥石流防治面临的问题,提出了资源与环境理念的泥石流防治对策与新方法。泥石流防治的基本对策是实施泥石流全流域地质灾害链的系统防治;其目标既要减灾防灾,同时保护土壤资源,兼顾实现砂石料与土壤资源的开发利用,还要避免形成堰塞湖及河湖淤积等新的环境问题;泥石流防治一是通过水土保持工程技术改善流域生态环境,减缓泥石流蓄势速度(可流动松散物质的积蓄速度),二是科学分离和处理泥石流固体物质,变“拦挡、疏排”为“拦淤、清淤”,将泥石流泥沙作为资源开发利用,将“固床、护岸,拦挡、疏排”改进为“保土、稳坡,固床、护岸,拦淤、清淤”。

By summarizing the process of geological disaster prevention and control,and the problems in the prevention and control of debris flows on the Yunnan Plateau,strategies and new methods for debris flow prevention and control were proposed in this paper,based on the concept of resources and environment.The systematic prevention and control of geological disaster chains throughout the entire basin of debris flow is the basic strategy for debris flow prevention and control.Its goal is not only to reduce and prevent disasters,but also to protect soil resources to achieve the development and utilization of sand and stone materials and soil resources,and to avoid the formation of new environmental problems such as barrier lakes and sedimentation of rivers and lakes.The prevention and control of debris flow involves improving the ecological environment of the watershed through soil and water conservation engineering techniques to slow down the storage speed of debris flow(the accumulation speed of movable loose substances),and scientifically separating and treating solid substances of debris flow,developing and utilizing debris flow sediment as a resource,and improving“bed consolidation,bank revetment,blocking,and dredging”to“soil protection,slope stabilization,bed consolidation,bank revetment,silt retention,and desilting”.