可生物降解改性淀粉基薄膜的特性及应用研究进展

Research on Properties and Applications of Biodegradable Modified Starch-based Films

石油基塑料制品滥用带来的环境问题日益严重,具有不可再生性的石油资源也日益短缺,导致生物聚合物基材料的出现。淀粉具有可生物降解性和可再生性,可以作为石油基的良好替代品。然而,淀粉基可生物降解薄膜具有机械性能差和亲水性等缺陷,限制了其在商业上的进一步应用。因此,对淀粉进行物理或化学改性是改善薄膜特性的主要方法之一。本文介绍了淀粉的多尺度结构特性,综述了制备生物降解薄膜的淀粉改性方法及研究进展。重点介绍了改性手段对淀粉基薄膜机械性能、水蒸气渗透性能、透明度和生物降解性等特性的影响,淀粉基材料的性质决定着其应用的方向。最后阐述了淀粉基可生物降解薄膜的应用。改性淀粉基薄膜特性的研究为改善淀粉基薄膜性能提供了一定的理论基础。

The increasingly severe environmental problems caused by the abuse of petroleum-based plastics and the increasing shortage of nonrenewable petroleum resources have led to the emergence of biopolymer-based materials.Starch is biodegradable and renewable and can be used as a good substitute for petroleum bases.However,further commercial application of starch-based biodegradable films is limited by their poor mechanical properties and hydrophilicity.Therefore,the physical or chemical modification of starch is one of the main methods to improve the properties of films.In this review,the multiscale structural properties of starch are introduced,and the modification methods and current research of starch for preparing biodegradable films are reviewed.The effects of modification methods on the mechanical properties,water vapor permeability,transparency and biodegradability of starch-based films are mainly introduced.The properties of starch-based materials determine the direction of their application.Finally,the application of starch-based biodegradable fims is described.The study of the properties of modified starch-based films provides a theoretical basis for improving the properties of starch-based films.