不同营养液氮钾比对高品质番茄生长和品质的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen and Potassium Ratios in Nutrient Liquid on the Growth and Quality of High-quality Tomatoes

为明确适宜京郊早春茬塑料大棚高品质番茄的营养液氮钾比,共设置4个氮钾比(1∶1.2、1∶1.5、1∶1.8、1∶2.1)处理,分析其对番茄植株、果实性状、品质、产量等的影响。结果表明:随着钾含量的增加,株高、株高日平均生长速率、叶片数、叶片日平均生长片数均表现先升高后降低,在氮钾比1∶1.5达到峰值。果实横径、纵径、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、糖酸比都是随着钾含量的增加先增高再降低,在氮钾比1∶1.8达到峰值,其中可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、糖酸比的峰值分别为7.47%、7.03%、7.96。不同处理的单穗坐果数、小区产量、折合667m^(2)产量、折合商品果667 m^(2)产量差异均达显著水平,在氮钾比1∶1.5达到最大峰值,其中折合667 m^(2)产量、折合商品果667 m^(2)产量的峰值分别为2984.3、2583.5 kg。氮钾比1∶1.5的脐腐果比例最低,为13%,比其他处理降低6~8百分点。在生产上需要根据生产目的调整营养液氮钾比,氮钾比1∶1.5能够满足追求产量的需要,氮钾比1∶1.8能够兼顾追求产量和品质的需求。

In order to determine the nitrogen and potassium ratio in nutrient liquid suitable for high-quality tomatoes in plastic greenhouse in early spring in suburbs of Beijing,four nitrogen and potassium ratios(1:1.2,1:1.5,1:1.8,1:2.1)were set up and their effects on tomato plant,fruit traits,quality and yield were analyzed.The results showed that with the increase of potassium content,plant height,daily average growth rate of plant height,number of leaves and daily average growth number of leaves all increased first and then decreased,and reached the peak value at the ratio of N:K=1:1.5.The fruit transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,soluble solid content,total sugar content and sugar-acid ratio all increased first and then decreased with the increase of potassium content,and reached the peak value at the ratio of N:K=1:1.8,in which the peak value of soluble solid content,total sugar content and sugar-acid ratio were 7.47%,7.03%and 7.96,respectively.The number of fruit per ear,plot yield,yield per 667 m2 and yield of commercial fruit per 667 m2 of different treatments were all significantly different,and reached peak value at the N:K=1:1.5,of which the peak value were 2984.3 kg and 2583.5 kg,respectively.The proportion of navel rot fruit at N:K=1:1.5 was the lowest(13%),which was 6-8 percentage points lower than that in other treatments.In production,it was necessary to adjust the nitrogen and potassium ratio of nutrient liquid according to the production purpose,the N:K=1:1.5 could meet the needs of the pursuit of yield,and the N:K=1:1.8 could take into account the demand of the pursuit of yield and quality.