经济发达地区宅基地退出何以推动乡村振兴--基于扎根理论的晋江市多案例研究

How Does Rural Residential Land Withdrawal Promote Rural Revitalization in Economically-developed Areas:A Case Study of Jinjiang City Based on Grounded Theory

研究目的:以福建省晋江市8个村庄为案例研究区,构建宅基地退出推动乡村振兴的理论模型与影响路径,探究经济发达地区宅基地退出如何推动乡村振兴目标实现。研究方法:扎根理论、实地调查法和案例研究法。研究结果:地方政府、村集体、农户等不同主体在宅基地退出过程中有不同的行动逻辑,宅基地退出从产业发展、乡村规划、基层治理、分类推进、文化彰显5个方面形成系统的有机整体。而土地要素激活、人地关系协调、交易费用降低与差异化退出模式的运行机理形成的“内生推力—外源拉力—系统突变力”的作用力,有助于推进乡村振兴目标实现。不过,基层政策执行中的偏差与机会主义也会导致治理效能不足。研究结论:未来应从基层治理和乡村规划两方面设计出宅基地盘活利用的整体制度,以更好地激活乡村振兴内在动力,协同推进农村宅基地科学有序退出和乡村振兴战略的实现。

The purposes of this study are to take 8 villages in Jinjiang City,Fujian Province for case analysis,to construct the theoretical model and influence path of rural residential land withdrawal to promote rural revitalization,land to explore how rural residential land withdrawal realizes rural revitalization goals in developed areas.The methods of grounded theory,fieldwork and case study are employed.The results show that:there exists different action logics with governments,village collectives and farmers in the process of rural residential land withdrawal,the rural residential land withdrawal forms an organic whole from five aspects,including five dimensions of industrial development,village planning,grassroots governance,classified implementation and cultural manifestation.The redevelopment of land elements,the coordination of human-land relationship,the reduction of transaction costs,and different withdrawal modes form the operation mechanism of“endogenous thrust-exogenous pull-systematic mutation force”,realizing the goal of rural revitalization.However,deviation and opportunistic behaviors in the implementation of grass-roots policies lead to insufficient governance efficiency.In conclusion,it is necessary to establish the system of rural residential land redevelopment from the aspects of village planning and grassroots governance,to activate internal power of rural revitalization,to facilitate the scientific and ordered rural residential land withdrawal and the smooth implementation of rural revitalization strategy.