基于特征数据典型设计变电站干涉声场计算研究

Research on Interference Sound Field of a Typical Substation Based on Characteristic Data

提出一种基于特征数据的典型设计变电站干涉声场计算方法,以实测变电站内主变压器、高压电抗器等关键噪声源表面振动为声学计算边界,以实际测量变电站内部各建筑物的尺寸、高度及相对位置为建模依据,利用声学边界元法建立起变电站辐射噪声预测模型,对变电站内部环境噪声分布状态进行预测。结果显示,变电站内部各噪声在传播过程中会产生明显的干涉效应,导致变电站的声场分布呈现明显的条纹状特征。实测得到的变电站内高压电抗器及主变压器附近的声场分布特性,证实变电站声音传播过程存在明显的指向性、不均匀性及声波干涉等复杂现象,声场分布测试结果与预测结果存在高度的吻合。该预测方法可为研究变电站声学环境提供可靠的理论支撑,也可为变电站环境声场的优化工作提供新的解决思路。

The acoustic model of an UHV substation for sound source prediction based on vibration signal is proposed.The measured surface vibration of key noise sources such as main transformer and high-voltage reactor in the substation is taken as the acoustic calculation boundary,and the actual measurement of the size,height and relative position of each building in the substation is taken as the modeling bases of the acoustic model.The radiated noise prediction model of the substation is established by using acoustic boundary element method(BEM).Based on this prediction model,the distribution of environmental noise in the substation is predicted.The results show that the noise in the substation has obvious interference effect in the transmission process,which leads to the obvious stripe characteristics of the sound field distribution in the substation.By measuring the sound field distribution characteristics near the high-voltage reactor and the main transformer in the substation,it is confirmed that there are obvious directivity,inhomogeneity and acoustic interference in the sound propagation process of the substation.The sound field distribution test results are highly consistent with the prediction results.This prediction method provides a reliable theoretical support for the study of substation acoustic environment,as well as a new idea for optimization of substation acoustic fields.