电梯轿厢-导轨耦合作用下诱发的振动与二次噪声研究

Research on Vibration and Secondary Noise Induced by Elevator Car-guiderail Coupling

电梯轿厢运行时,电梯井道相邻居室内会产生明显的振动与噪声,严重影响居民舒适感,降低建筑物正常使用性能。以某高层住宅为研究对象,将电梯轿厢简化为6自由度多体动力学模型,建立结构振动精细化模型,考虑轿厢、导靴和导轨之间的耦合效应,基于分离迭代法求解得到结构振动响应,通过对比实测数据验证所建模型的准确性。根据真实的客厅几何形状建立声学有限元模型,将振动模型计算得到的各面板振动速度作为声学有限元的边界条件,计算居室声场内关键点声压。并分析电梯轿厢载重、运行速度以及电梯运行楼层数等电梯运行系统参数的变化对居室内振动与二次噪声的影响。最后基于振源特性与建筑的结构特征对室内振动和噪声敏感点进行评价。结果表明:随着运行楼层和轿厢速度的增加,住户室内振动和噪声在主频段均有所增加;与井道共用的墙体噪声贡献值最大,可以通过减小该处的振动来有效降低室内的二次噪声声压级。

When the elevator car is in operation,obvious vibration and noise will be generated in the adjacent room of the elevator well,which will seriously reduce the comfort of residents and affect the normal use performance of the building.In this paper,taking a high-rise residential building as the research object,the elevator car is simplified to a 6-DOF multibody dynamic model,and a refined structural vibration model is established.The coupling effect of car,guide-boot and guide-rail is considered.The vibration response of the structure is obtained by separate iteration method,and the accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the simulation results with the measurement data.Then,the acoustic finite element model is established according to the real geometry of the living room,and the vibration velocity of each panel calculated by the vibration model is used as the boundary condition of the acoustic finite element to calculate the sound pressure of key points in the sound field of the room.And the influence of the changes of elevator operating system parameters such as elevator car load,running speed and the number of building floors on the vibration and secondary noise in the living room is analyzed.Finally,the indoor vibration and noise sensitive points are evaluated based on the characteristics of the vibration source and the structural characteristics of the building.The results show that with the increase of the floor and the speed of the car,the vibration and noise in the main frequency band of the households increase;The wall connected to the elevator well has the largest contribution to the noise.Suppressing the vibration of the wall can effectively reduce the sound pressure level of the secondary noise inside the room.