论明中后期辽东地权关系的转变

The Land Ownership Relationship in LiaoDong Area in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty

明初,辽东推行军屯制,田地皆为公有。自宣德年间开始,辽东军屯制逐渐遭到破坏,屯粮数额远不及明初。至嘉靖、隆庆时期,随着军屯制的破坏,召人承种屯田以及鼓励开荒成为新的政策,承种田和科田出现,同时无科田亦随之出现,辽东的地权关系逐渐由公有向私有转化。与此同时,田地买卖现象出现,标志着地权关系私有化加剧。

In the early Ming Dynasty,Liaodong area implemented a military garrison system,and all fields in Liaodong were public.Since the Xuande period,the military garrison system in Liaodong was gradually destructed,and the amount of grain garrisons was far less than that of the early Ming Dynasty.During the Jiajing and Longqing periods,with the destruction of the military garrison system,summoning people to cultivate and encourage land reclamation became the new policy.Cultivated and non-claimed fields also emerged.The land ownership relationship in Liaodong gradually shifted from public ownership to private ownership.At the same time,the phenomenon of land buying and selling has emerged,marking the intensification of privatization of land ownership relations.