佛教“庆赞”问题三论

Three Comments on the Buddhist Issues about Qingzan

庆赞是佛教法事活动中常见程式之一,它既有印度佛教的历史渊源,又深受中国儒道传统思想的影响。就其中土发展史而言,可以划分成两个重要的历史时段:一是唐五代,其突出特点是佛、道融合;二是宋元明清,此际则呈现出三大变化,即宗派的广泛性、礼俗生活的密切性和传播接受的国际性。作为综合性的艺术创作,庆赞与佛教文学、佛教音乐、佛教美术具有极其密切的联系,其最常见的表演形式是对像跪唱。

Qingzan is one of the common procedures in Buddhist ritual activities,which has the historical origin of Indian Buddhism and is deeply influenced by Chinese traditional thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism.As far as its development history in ancient China is concerned,it can be divided into two important historical periods:First,the Tang and Five Dynasties,which was characterized by the integration of Buddhism and Taoism;Second,the Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,when three major changes took place,namely,the extensiveness of sects,the closeness of etiquette and customs,and the internationalization of communication and acceptance.As a comprehensive artistic creation,Qingzan was closely related to Buddhist literature,Buddhist music and Buddhist art.Its most common form of performance was to kneel and sing praises to Buddhist idols.