趋近还是回避:无边界职业生涯对零工劳动者职业成功的影响

Approach or Avoidance:Influence of Boundaryless Career on Career Success of Gig Workers

数字经济背景下,零工劳动者数量越来越庞大。无边界职业生涯在为零工劳动者带来高度工作自主性和丰富工作体验的同时,也存在诸多障碍和局限性。本文旨在全面揭示无边界职业生涯对零工劳动者职业成功的影响路径,以及在何种条件下无边界职业生涯将促进零工劳动者职业成功表现,进而为管理策略的提出提供理论依据。实证结果表明:无边界职业生涯通过趋近导向工作重塑和回避导向工作重塑的中介作用分别对零工劳动者职业成功产生正向和负向影响,平台职业支持负向调节无边界职业生涯与回避导向工作重塑的关系。研究结果进一步拓展了无边界职业生涯对职业成功的影响研究,同时也对揭示零工劳动者职业发展的过程机制具有一定的借鉴意义。

The development of the internet and information technology is creating a group of gig workers.The number of gig workers,such as deliverers,takeout riders,online car-hailing drivers,and online anchors,is growing rapidly in the digital economy.Unlike traditional forms of employment,gig workers are boundaryless and no longer tied to an organization.They have to take responsibility for their careers and actively adapt to the changing work environment.This new development mode is called the boundaryless career.The boundaryless career mode offers gig workers a high degree of work autonomy and rich work experience,but presents obstacles and limitations.Using 321 questionnaires collected from casual workers,this paper identifies the impact of the boundaryless career on gig workers’career success.Then,it examines the circumstances under which the boundaryless career enhances their career success to provide a theoretical basis for management strategies.The empirical results show that the boundaryless career has a positive and negative impact on gig workers’career success through the mediation of approach-oriented and avoidance-oriented job crafting,respectively.Furthermore,platform career support negatively moderates the relationship between boundaryless careers and avoidance-oriented job crafting.Therefore,platform organizations should actively engage with the job reinvention behaviors of gig workers,focus on their career support,and pay more attention to their career development status.These findings not only extend the research on the influence of the boundaryless career on gig workers’career success,but also reveal the influence mechanisms and boundary conditions of the boundaryless career on their career success.This paper makes contributions to the research on the boundaryless career and gig workers’career development from the following three aspects.First,it complements the previous research on the relationship between the boundaryless career and career success from the cognitive mechanism.Further,it reveals the process mechanism of gig workers’career development from the job crafting strategy mechanism.Second,it analyzes the double-edged sword effect of the boundaryless career on gig workers’career success and deepens the understanding of the effect of the boundaryless career.Third,it investigates the interaction between career support and boundaryless career in gig workers’job crafting strategies,enriches relevant research on the boundaryless career and extends career development theories,providing new research ideas and theoretical support for gig workers’career development.