民国职业学校经费政策措施演进及存在问题考述

Research on the Evolution and Existing Problems of Funding Policies and Measures of Vocational Schools in the Republic of China

办好职业教育,必须有充足的经费作为根本保障,最重要的是政府主体性作用的发挥。民国职业学校的经费主要包括开办设立的经费、学校日常经费、教职员工薪酬奖励、教学实习设备投入和学生的补助奖励等。基于经济社会发展对职业教育的现实需求,民国政府、教育行政部门制定了一系列职业教育经费的政策措施,给予职业教育经费的倾斜和扶持,力求职业学校在量、质上的提升发展。但由于政策的非连续性,缺乏整体的系统化构建,以及落实过程中的非到位性和社会发展多重矛盾、问题的积重难返,使得职业学校在办学过程中,一直受到经费来源的困扰,导致职业学校发展处于不稳定的状态,职业教育整体质量难以精进。

To run vocational education well,there must be sufficient funds as the fundamental guarantee,during which it is essential to give full play to the subjective role of the government.The funds of vocational schools in the Republic of China mainly include the funds for the establishment,the daily funds,the salaries and rewards of faculty and staff,the investment of teaching and practice equipment and the subsidies and rewards of students.Based on the realistic demand of economic and social development for vocational education,the government of the Republic of China and the education administrative department have formulated a series of policies and measures for vocational education funds from the policy and implementation level,which give preferential support to vocational education funds,and strive for the improvement and development of vocational schools in quantity and quality.However,due to the discontinuity of policies,the lack of overall systematic construction,the inadequacy in the implementation process,and multiple contradictions and problems in social development,vocational schools have been plagued by sufficient funding sources,resulting in the unstable development of vocational schools and the difficulty in improving the overall quality of vocational education.