反垄断法“鼓励创新”的功能定位及其实现

The Functional Orientation and Implementation of“Encouraging Innovation”in the Anti-monopoly Law

在反垄断法的效率目标长期被局限于静态效率的背景下,“鼓励创新”被写入我国新《反垄断法》立法宗旨条文的做法值得肯定。“鼓励创新”并不是一句空洞的口号,人民法院或执法机构应切实履行反垄断法保障创新的制度功能。一方面,识别并规制表面促进静态效率实际却阻碍创新的垄断行为;另一方面,避免规制促进创新的合法行为,即使是该行为造成静态效率的下降。《反垄断法》及其配套规定不仅在具体表述上存在问题,而且面临对阻碍创新的垄断行为回应不足、存在错误规制促进创新行为的风险等困境。实现反垄断法“鼓励创新”的制度功能,需完善条文表述,强化对阻碍创新行为的规制,并防止对促进创新行为的错误规制。

Innovation in technology and business models is the core driving force for high-quality economic development,and it is also an effective approach for optimizing economic structure and transforming development methods.In order to fully utilize the innovation capabilities of large enterprises and effectively stimulate innovation vitality of small and medium-sized enterprises,it is necessary to achieve a positive interaction between innovation and competition.A free and fair competitive order provides the necessary guarantees for enterprise innovation,and the emergence of innovative achievements drives market competition to transit from low-end inventory competition to high-end incremental competition.In this context,the practice of incorporating“encouraging innovation”into the legislative purpose provisions of the revised Anti-monopoly Law is not a simple reference to extraterritorial experience but based on a profound summary of China’s experience.“Encouraging innovation”is not an empty slogan,and people’s courts or law enforcement agencies must effectively perform the institutional function of the Anti-monopoly Law to ensure innovation:On the one hand,it targets at identifying and regulating monopolistic conduct that promotes superficial static efficiency but hinders innovation in reality;on the other hand,it aims to avoid restraining legitimate conduct that promotes innovation even if it results in a decrease in static efficiency.The Anti-monopoly Law and its supporting regulations have problems in specific expressions,and they face with challenges such as insufficient response to monopolistic behaviors that hinder innovation and the risk of the misconduct which restrains behaviors that promote innovation.In order to achieve the institutional function of“promoting innovation”,it is necessary to improve the wording of the articles of the law,to strengthen the regulation of innovation-inhibiting behavior,and to prevent innovation-promoting behaviors from being restrained.