自愈合油水分离膜的研究进展

Research progress on self-healing oil/water separation membranes

随着工业的发展以及海洋石油泄漏事故的频发,产生的含油污水对人类健康和生态环境均有严重威胁,迫切需要发展油水处理材料。膜分离法作为一种高效低能耗的方法被广泛应用于该领域,但在实际应用中容易受到外界机械力损坏或自然环境的影响导致膜分离性能下降甚至丧失。因此,自愈合油水分离膜为此提供了一种新途径,显著提升了膜的附加值。本文介绍了自愈合油水分离膜的制备方法、修复机理和国内外研究现状,针对材料表面微纳粗糙结构及低表面能物质损伤的愈合方式展开论述。指出了自愈合油水分离膜目前存在制备时间长、经济成本高、疏水表面修饰的功能单体单一以及机械强度偏低等问题。提出该领域未来可从降低材料制备成本、发展多功能修饰单体以及实现低表面能物质和表面粗糙结构同步愈合等方向发展,以期为油水分离材料的开发和应用提供参考。

With the development of industry and the frequent offshore oil spills,a large amount of oily sewage is produced,which poses a serious threat to human health and ecological environment.Therefore,it is urgent to develop oil/water treatment materials.Membrane separation is widely applied for this field due to it is a highly efficient and low energy consumption method.However,in practical applications,it is susceptible to external mechanical damage or the influence of the natural environment,and thus oil-water separation membrane separation performance will decline,and even lead to loss of separation performance.Self-healing superhydrophobic oil/water separation membranes provide a new method to improve the added value of oil/water separation membranes.In this paper,the preparation methods,selfhealing mechanism and research progress of self-healing oil/water separation membranes were introduced,and the healing way of damage caused by micro-nano rough structure on the surface of the material and low surface energy material was discussed.It was pointed out that there were some problems such as long preparation time,high economic cost,single functional monomer of hydrophobic surface modification and low mechanical strength of self-healing oil-water separation membrane.It was suggested that this field can be developed in the future by reducing the cost of material preparation,developing multifunctional modified monomers and realizing the simultaneous healing of low surface energy materials and surface rough structures in order to provide reference for the development and application of oil/water separation materials.