社区轻度认知障碍老年人运动自我效能水平及其影响因素

Self-efficacy level of exercises in the community elderly with mild cognitive impairment and its influencing factors

目的了解社区轻度认知障碍(MCI)老年人运动自我效能水平,并分析其影响因素。方法纳入250例社区MCI老年人作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表调查其人口社会学特征、健康与疾病情况、运动情况、社会支持情况,采用运动自我效能量表评估其运动自我效能水平。比较不同人口社会学特征、健康与疾病情况、运动情况、社会支持情况的社区MCI老年人的运动自我效能水平。采用多重线性回归模型分析社区MCI老年人运动自我效能水平的影响因素。结果社区MCI老年人运动自我效能量表总分为5.28(4.33,6.44)分。有无躯体疼痛、近6个月不同运动锻炼水平、有无规律运动、是否了解运动锻炼不当可能损伤身体、近6个月内有无跌倒、锻炼前或锻炼时是否会害怕跌倒及受伤、社区内或附近有无安全便利的锻炼场地和器材、有无家人支持鼓励运动的社区MCI老年人之间运动自我效能量表总分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,躯体疼痛情况、近6个月运动锻炼水平、规律运动情况、近6个月内跌倒情况、社区内或附近存在安全便利的锻炼场地和器材情况及家人支持鼓励运动情况是社区MCI老年人运动自我效能水平的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论社区MCI老年人运动自我效能处于较低水平,且受躯体疼痛、近6个月运动锻炼水平、规律运动情况、近6个月内有跌倒情况、社区内或附近存在安全便利的锻炼场地和器材情况及家人支持鼓励运动情况的影响。社区卫生服务中心医护人员应根据社区MCI老年人运动自我效能水平的影响因素制订相应的运动干预措施,延缓社区MCI老年人认知功能的衰退。

Objective To understand the self-efficacy level of exercises in the community elderly with mild cognitive impairment(MCI),and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods A total of 250 community MCI elderly people were enrolled as the research subjects,their demographic sociological characteristics,health and disease status,exercise status,social support status were investigated by employing the general data inventory,and exercise self-efficacy scale was used to evaluate their self-efficacy level of exercises.The exercise self-efficacy level was compared between the community MCI elderly with different demographic sociological characteristics,health and disease status,exercise status,and social support status.The influencing factors for exercise self-efficacy level in the community MCI elderly was analyzed by using multiple linear regression model.Results The total exercise self-efficacy scale score was 5.28(4.33,6.44)for the community MCI elderly.Statistically significant difference in exercise self-efficacy scale score was found between the community MCI elderly with different features in terms of the presence of somatic pain,different levels of exercise in the past 6 months,presence of regular exercise,presence of understand of the body injury from inappropriate exercise,presence of falls in the past 6 months,presence of fear of falling and injury before or during exercise,presence of safe and convenient exercise areas and equipment in or near the community,and presence of family support to encourage exercise(all P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that somatic pain status,level of exercise in the past 6 months,regular exercise status,falls status in the past 6 months,status of safe and convenient exercise areas and equipment in or near the community,and status of family support to encourage exercise were influencing factors for exercise self-efficacy in the community elderly with MCI(all P<0.05).Conclusion The exercise self-efficacy of the community elderly with MCI is at a low level,and is affected by somatic pain,exercise level in the past 6 months,regular exercise status,falls status in the past 6 months,status of safe and convenient exercise areas and equipment in or near the community,and status of family support to encourage exercise.Medical staff in the community health service center should formulate corresponding exercise intervention measures according to the influencing factors for exercise self-efficacy level in the community MCI elderly to delay the cognitive function decline of the community MCI elderly.