加速康复外科理念下精准护理的应用现状及展望

Application Status and Prospects of Precision Nursing Under the Concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery

随着加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)的发展,其学科领域已取得了重大突破,但仍需不断拓展新的研究领域,以满足患者需求。精准治疗的概念在护理领域也得到了广泛的应用。在ERAS理念下,已有研究利用精准护理针对围手术期展开了实践研究,包括:精准护理评估、精准设计护理干预、精准风险预测模型以及信息技术助力精准护理实践。已有研究初步证实了精准护理在ERAS围术期中应用的安全性及有效性。本文通过综述近年来的相关研究结果,发现目前ERAS理念下精准护理仍存在以下问题:实施缺乏标准,护士角色存在挑战,现有文献缺乏高质量的研究证据,我国缺乏相应的大数据处理平台,无法实现数据的共享、整合、挖掘和利用等。并提出了有效的改进建议和研究展望,未来可加强多学科协作及转化医学研究以及各种创新工具的开发,以提升护理质量与效果。为提高ERAS围术期实施精准护理的科学性和针对性提供参考。

With the development of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS),major breakthroughs have been made in this field of study.However,the research fields still need to be continuously expanded to meet the needs of patients.The concept of precision therapy is widely applied in the field of nursing.Under the concept of ERAS,practical studies of applying precision nursing for the perioperative period have already been conducted,exploring such issues as precision nursing assessment,precision nursing intervention design,precision risk prediction model,and information technology to assist precision nursing practice.Research findings have preliminarily validated the safety and effectiveness of applying precision nursing for ERAS in the perioperative period.Herein,we reviewed the reported findings of relevant research published in recent years and identified the following problems in the implementation of precision nursing under the ERAS concept,a lack of implementation standards,challenges concerning the the role of nurses,a lack of highquality research evidence in the existing literature,and a relevant big data processing platform that China does not have and therefore cannot carry out data sharing,integration,mining,and utilization.We also made suggestions for effective improvement and discussed research prospects.In the future,multidisciplinary collaboration,translational medical research,and the development of various innovative tools are to be strengthened to help improve the quality and effectiveness of nursing care.We hope to provide reference for improving the scientific and targeted implementation of precision nursing for ERAS in the perioperative period.