人工智能时代高等教育教学的变革指向:培养高阶思维

the Direction of Higher Education Teaching Reform in the Era of Artificial Intelligence ultivating Higher-order Thinking

人工智能时代,高阶思维是高等教育应该着重培养的人的核心素养,具有主动性、系统性、综合性和跨学科性四个特征。当前泛娱乐化的网络环境、信息知识的增长与传播的变化、教育教学的片面与隔阂等因素干扰了高阶思维的主动性、系统性、综合性和跨学科性发展。高等教育教学应该妥善利用人工智能,在个体最近发展区与社会长远要求区之间协调激活学生思维发展的主动性、在情境搭建与多元评价之间平衡助推学生思维建构的系统性、以心理和情感融合教育促进学生思维发展的综合性、以规模化全程化因材施教实现思维发展的跨学科性,帮助学生发展区别于人工智能的人类高阶思维。

In the era of artificial intelligence,higher-order thinking that is a core human quality that higher education should focus on cultivating,has four characteristics:active,systematic,comprehensive and interdisciplinary.Some factors,such as the current pan-entertainment network environment,growth and changes in the dissemination of information and knowledge,and one-sided compartmentalized education and teaching have interfered with the development of higher-order thinking.Higher education teaching should make proper use of artificial intelligence to activate the initiative of students'thinking development by coordinating between individual nearest development zone and long-term social requirement zone,to promote the systemic nature of students'thinking construction by balancing between context building and multiple evaluations,to boost the development of the students'comprehensive thinking abilities by psychologically and emotionally integrated education,and to realize the interdisciplinary nature of thinking development by scaling up the whole process of teaching according to the needs,so as to help students develop human higher-order thinking that is different from the artificial intelligence.