道德理由在司法中的运用——从指导性案例切入

The Application of Moral Reasons in Judicature--Starting From Guiding Cases

从指导性案例中可以发现道德理由在司法中的运用存在三种方式,即道德理由为法律理由提供支撑、通过道德理由进行法律之内的法的续造、通过道德理由进行超越法律的法的续造。虽然司法过程中道德理由的存在有其必要性,但由于道德本身存在的灵活性、多元性、不稳定性和主观性,在道德理由的选择上存在难题。要正确地运用道德理由,可通过是否具有“类法性”这一基本条件来判断其是否成立,“类法性”即道德理由具有与法律制度的融贯性以及与法律性质的相近性。在道德理由可以成立的情况下,道德理由仍然可能与法律理由发生冲突,这种冲突至少存在六种类型。要处理好这些冲突,需要权衡法律理由和道德理由,并应遵循三个基本的原则。

From the guiding cases,we can find that there are three ways in which moral reasons are used in justice,namely,moral reasons provide support for legal reasons,moral reasons are used to continue the law within the law,and moral reasons are used to continue the law beyond the law.Although the existence of moral reasons in justice is necessary,due to the flexibility,pluralism,instability and subjectivity of morality itself,there are problems in the selection of moral reasons.To correctly use moral reasons,we can judge whether it is tenable by whether it has the basic condition of“law like nature”,which means that moral reasons have the consistency with the legal system and the similarity with the legal nature.When moral reasons can be established,moral reasons may still conflict with legal reasons,and there are at least six types of conflicts.To deal with these conflicts,a tentative thinking is that three basic principles should be followed when weighing legal reasons and moral reasons.