“网络舆论审判”:变局时代中的非正式控制及制度因应

“Internet Public Opinion Trial”:Informal Control and Institutional Response in Changing Times

在文化思潮、政治制度、生存模式发生深刻变迁的转型中国社会,频繁引发情绪对垒的“网络舆论审判”,实则是一种弥补正式治理秩序空缺的自发性社会调节机制:在社会规范更迭、行为约束缺位的背景下,“网络舆论审判”表征着互联网“无道”情境中的神圣道德律令,强化了由德性论、社会性道德形塑的道德主义行为规范;权利意识抬升、意见吸附有限条件下,“网络舆论审判”是溢出性民粹冲动的鲜活呈现,并可能在“闹大-维稳”的互构中成为被默许的补充性政治参与;社会联结脱嵌、风险共同体涣散基础上,“网络舆论审判”是公众消解社会风险、找回脱域化社会团结的恰适工具,借助网络“全视监狱”曝光越轨者,并重新展示其倡导的社会价值规范。但这一自发性秩序愈发挤压着正式规则的客观独立空间,并由于国家缺场而造成过罚不当、破坏性大于恢复性的随意制裁,亟须接受制度性控制的价值引向。

In a transitional Chinese society with profound changes in cultural trends,political system,and survival mode,the“internet public opinion trial”that frequently causes emotional confrontation is actually a spontaneous social adjustment mechanism to make up for the gap in the formal governance order:Under the background of the change of social norms and the absence of behavioral constraints,“internet public opinion trial”represents the sacred moral law in the situation of“no Tao”on the Internet,and strengthens the moral code of behavior shaped by the theory of virtue and social morality.Under the condition of rising consciousness of rights and limited adsorption of opinions,“internet public opinion trial”is a fresh manifestation of overflow populist impulse,and may become a supplementary political participation that is acquiesced in the mutual construction of“making a big noise and maintaining stability”.On the basis of social connection and risk community dispersion,“internet public opinion trial”is a suitable tool for the public to eliminate social risks and find de-localized social solidarity,expose deviants with the help of the network“all-seeing prison”,and re-show the social value norms advocated by them.However,this spontaneous order has increasingly squeezed the objective and independent space of formal rules,and frequently caused arbitrary sanctions with undue penalties and greater damage than recovery due to the lack of national field,and it is urgent to accept the value of institutional control.