栖龙湾小流域坡面产流产沙特征及降雨分析

Characteristics and Rainfall Analysis of Sediment and Rainfall Yield on Slope of Qi Longwan Small Watershed

为明晰山东省栖龙湾小流域坡面产流产沙规律,选取栖龙湾小流域10个典型坡面径流监测小区的降雨、径流和泥沙等实测数据,探究不同坡度、不同水土保持措施下各小区产流产沙特征以及径流泥沙与各降雨因子的相关关系。结果表明:1)栖龙湾小流域的降雨有明显季节变化,主要集中在6~9月,侵蚀性降雨主要集中在6~8月;2)相同降雨条件下,产流产沙量为裸地最多,且随坡度的增加而增多,采取水保措施后产流产沙量为石坎梯田小区<土坎梯田小区<坡耕地;经济林<农地;3)10°小区除土坎梯田种植的杏树小区外其他3个小区径流深与降雨量、降雨侵蚀力、土壤流失量均呈显著相关;土坎梯田种植的花生小区径流深还与降雨历时存在显著相关性;土坎梯田种植的杏树小区径流深、土壤流失量与各降雨因子均无显著相关性,只有土壤流失量和径流深呈显著相关。

In order to clarify the regularity of sediment and rainfall yield on slope of Qi Longwan small watershed in Shandong,it selected 10 typical slope in Qi Longwan small watershed for monitoring the precipitation,runoff and sediment data,to explore the characteristics of sediment and rainfall yield in each plot under different slope and soil and water conservation measures,as well as the correlation between runoff and sediment and rainfall factors.It's proved that:1)The rainfall in Qi Longwan small watershed had obvious seasonal changes,mainly concentrated in June to September,and the erosive rainfall mainly concentrated in June to August;2)Under the same rainfall condition,the sediment and rainfall yield of bare land is the largest,and it increases with the increase of slope.After water conservation measures are taken,the sediment and rainfall yield is:the stone terrace area<the earth terrace area<slope land,and forest with economic value<farm land;3)The runoff depth of the 10°plot was significantly correlated with precipitation,rainfall erosivity and soil loss,except for the apricot plot planted in the terraced fields.There was also significant correlation between runoff depth and rainfall duration of peanut plots planted in terraced fields.There was no significant correlation between runoff depth and soil loss and rainfall factors for the apricot plot planted in the terraced fields,but soil loss and runoff depth were significantly correlated.