中国与东盟绿色联通中清洁能源合作新态势

New Trends of Clean Energy Cooperation in China-ASEAN Green Connectivity

中国—东盟对话与合作已进入而立之年,且已升级为全面战略伙伴关系。随着“一带一路”绿色联通建设的推进,中国与东盟清洁能源合作在联通依赖、战略对接与产业互补方面的基础日益坚实。近年来,中国与东盟清洁能源合作的制度化程度不断提升,东亚峰会清洁能源论坛、中国—东盟清洁能源能力建设计划、东盟+3清洁能源圆桌对话等机制相互配合;中国注重根据东盟各国禀赋与政策推进不同领域的绿色合作伙伴关系;逐步强化标准规范、技术管理等方面的绿色“软联通”。但双方合作仍面临多重阻碍,包括高碳路径依赖与电力基础设施薄弱并存下的能源转型阻滞、东盟国家法律制度不健全及政治环境不确定的风险挑战以及域外大国围绕清洁能源项目和可持续基建的对华竞争上升。中国可加强在碳中和态势下与东盟绿色发展的战略对接,提升区域绿色联通中的综合性机制建设与议题性合作,以区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)为契机协调区域技术标准并推进东亚绿色产业链建构,以东盟为平衡中心同时推进新三方合作协调与民间“心联通”建设。

China-ASEAN dialogue and cooperation has celebrated its thirtieth anniversary and has been upgraded to a comprehensive strategic partnership.While the green connectivity of the Belt and Road Initiative is advancing,China and ASEAN have an increasingly solid foundation for clean energy cooperation in terms of connectivity dependence,strategic docking and industrial complementarity.In recent years,with the promotion of clean energy cooperation between China and ASEAN,the degree of institutionalization of bilateral cooperation has been continuously improved.Mechanisms such as the East Asia Summit Clean Energy Forum,China-ASEAN Clean Energy Capacity Building Programme and ASEAN+3 Clean Energy Round Table Dialogue cooperate with each other.Meanwhile,China focuses on expanding green partners with ASEAN in different fields based on the endowments and policies of each country.The green“soft connectivity”with ASEAN in standards,specifications,technical management and other aspects has also been gradually strengthened.However,the process still faces multiple obstacles,including the hindrance of energy transition under the coexistence of high-carbon path dependence and weak power infrastructure,the risks and challenges of incomplete legal systems and uncertain political environments in some ASEAN countries,and increased competitions from foreign powers against China on clean energy projects and sustainable infrastructure.Therefore,China might strengthen the strategic docking of green development with ASEAN and its member countries under the trends of carbon neutrality,improve the comprehensive mechanism and thematic cooperation in regional green connectivity,take RCEP as an opportunity to coordinate regional technical standards and implement green industry chain in East Asia,make ASEAN as the balance core to drive forward the construction of new tripartite cooperation and non-governmental“heart connectivity”at the same time.