魏晋南北朝“曲水诗序”的创作及艺术特色

The Creation and Art Feature of"Qu Shui Poetic Preface"in Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties

上巳修禊是魏晋南北朝时期十分流行的民俗和文化活动,士族文人常于上巳节相聚宴饮,在曲水流觞、祓除不祥的同时相继赋诗以助雅兴。这不仅留下了诗歌作品,还随之诞生了一批以“曲水”为题的诗序作品。从西晋至东晋再到南北朝,这些曲水诗序在体制上,由简短发展至冗长;在内容上,由无甚作意的说明发展至寄托玄思,最后归于称颂太平;在艺术手法上,其对偶、典故、声律的运用技巧不断提高,文体也由散体逐渐发展至骈体。曲水诗序的发展一定程度上反映了早期诗序体裁不同阶段的演变特征,与诗歌的发展也有着紧密的联系,为我们观察魏晋南北朝的文学发展面貌提供了独特的视角。

The Shangsi purification activity was a very popular folk and cultural custom in the Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties.Aristocratic literati often gathered and feted on the festival,and often wrote poems one after another to promote aesthetic mood while floating wine cup along the winding water and eliminating the gas of the ominous.This not only left the poems,but also gave birth to a number of poetic prefaces with the theme of"Qu Shui".From the Western Jin Dynasty to the Eastern Jin Dynasty and then to the Southern and Northern Dynasties,the system of these Qu Shui poetic preface form developed from briefness to lengthiness.In terms of content,it developed from the explanation without much intention to the beginning of the sustenance of metaphysics,and finally attributed to the praise of peace;In terms of artistic technique,the use skill of antithesis,quotations and rhythm has been constantly improved,and the style has gradually developed from prose style to parallel style.To some extent,the development of Qu Shui poetic preface reflects the characteristics of the evolution of different stages of the early poetic preface genre,and it has always been closely related to the development of poetry,which provides us with a unique perspective to observe the development outlook of literature in the Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties.